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作為普遍宗教意識的「禪」―― 論鈴木大拙與西田幾多郎對「宗教」與「禪」的哲學闡釋=“Zen”(Chan) as a Universal Religious Consciousness: The Philosophical Interpretation of “Zen” and “Religion” by Suzuki and Nishida |
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邱奕菲 (著)=Chiu, Yi-fei (au.)
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| Source |
第四屆近現代漢傳佛教論壇
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| Date | 2018.01 |
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| Publisher | 財團法人聖嚴教育基金會 |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Abstract | 聖嚴法師曾於《正信的佛教》中辨析過的「禪宗」與「禪定」之間的關係，指出禪定並非禪宗所獨有，世界各宗教凡是有神祕體驗的，無不是從禪定的功夫而來。與聖嚴法師的見解相近，日本近代思想家鈴木大拙與西田幾多郎認為「禪」作為一種物我間無所分別的智慧，可以在世界上各種不同民族文化裡被發現。對早期的西田與鈴木而言，禪是普遍宗教意識的最高體現，因此透過禪可以連結佛教與其它宗教的共通之處，特別是基督教的神祕主義。鈴木認為真正的宗教意識並非迷信也非信仰，而是一種無分別的智慧（他稱這樣的宗教意識、無分別智為「靈性」），在靈性之中心智與物質看似為二實則為一，為一但又是二。另一方面，早期的西田認為神並非獨立在宇宙之外的超越性創造者，而是吾人自我內心與自然萬物之根柢所共同依循的內在統一力。雖然鈴木與西田對於禪和宗教的解釋受到近代歐陸哲學的影響，概念上超出傳統佛教教義範圍較具創造性，本文認為這可以視為近代東亞思想在面臨西方哲學時的一種吸納與轉化。
This article provides an introduction to Kitaro Nishida and D. T. Suzuki’s interpretation of “Zen” (Chan 禅) and “Religion”. As Chan Master Sheng Yen has pointed out in his book Orthodox Chinese Buddhism 正信的佛教 that meditative absorption resides in all mystical experiences in religions around the world, is not necessarily related to the Chan school. The early Nishida and Suzuki likewise argue that as a non-discriminatory wisdom, Zen could be found in all cultures around the world. To the early Nishida and Suzuki, Zen is the highest embodiment of universal religious consciousness, therefore it could connect Buddhism to other religions, especially Christian mysticism. Suzuki holds that religious consciousness does not mean a superstition or a belief but a non-discriminatory wisdom (he prefers to use the word Reisei 靈性 to express religious consciousness or non-discriminatory wisdom), in which mind and substance seem that the two are really not two, but one, and that the one is, as it is, two. On the other hand, the early Nishida does not regard God as a transcendent creator outside the universe, but one single unifying power at the base of our minds and in the foundation of nature. Affected by modern continental philosophy, Nishida and Suzuki’s interpretation of Zen and Religion is more creative than traditional Buddhist teachings, this could be regarded as the reception and transformation of western philosophy in modern East Asian thought. |
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| Hits | 269 |
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| Created date | 2020.01.15 |
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| Modified date | 2020.01.15 |
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