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《中部》後置式關係句的形式、功能與漢譯現象=An Analytical Description of the Post-head Relative Clauses in the Majjhima-Nikāya and Their Chinese Parallels |
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釋堅融 (著)=Shi, Jian-rong (au.)
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| Source |
正觀雜誌=Satyabhisamaya: A Buddhist Studies Quarterly
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| Volume | n.91 |
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| Date | 2019.12.25 |
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| Pages | 23 - 79 |
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| Publisher | 正觀雜誌社 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.tt034.org.tw/
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| Location | 南投縣, 臺灣 [Nantou hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為華嚴專宗學院研究所教師
本文本文改寫自作者之博士論文《〈中部〉關係句及其對應漢譯句式研究》（國立清華大學中國文學系博士論文，2018 年）。 |
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| Keyword | 關係代名詞=relative pronoun; 後置式關係子句=post-head relative clauses; 中部=Majjhima-Nikāya; 所以者何=suo-yi zhe he; 關係化=relativization |
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| Abstract | 關係子句是梵、巴佛典中廣泛使用的文句類型，但古漢語卻沒有關係代名詞可與之對應。古代譯師翻譯關係結構時，如何連繫子句與主句乃至處理各小句之間的綰合？囿於篇幅，本文以巴利契經《中部》及其對等漢譯本為研究範圍，探討巴利後置式關係句的形式、功能與其漢譯現象。鑑於巴利語和漢語兩大語言系統的特性差異，本文分別從兩個方向開展論述：一、以類型學理論所建構的關係子句型態分類為基準，兼論巴利語法書的界定，描寫後置式關係句的形式特徵與功能；二、考述《中部》對應漢譯本關係句的語法現象。
諸多經句顯示：古譯師一般都儘量仿照原語的語序來迻譯關係句，形成「向右分枝」的漢語構式。此一處於右分枝的關係子句通常用以提供主題成立的附加或斷定信息。相較於巴利語，一個漢語句子無法容納過於繁複的語句成分。譯師在仿譯關係子句置後的基本樣式下，受到向右分枝的結構影響，漢譯本應運而生一項構句變異，即：從中插入佛典常見的虛設發問「所以者何」或「何以故」。「一個關係句」據此整體擴展成三段式結構，進而顯示漢譯佛典獨特的關係化策略。
Relative clauses are commonly found in Sanskrit or Pāli Buddhist texts, but classic Chinese lacks the relative pronoun with which to correspond it. In this case, how the relative constructions in the Chinese Buddhist translations are constructed? This paper presents an analytical description of the post-head relative clauses in the Majjhima-Nikāya and its Chinese parallels. Due to the fact that Pāli and Chinese are two dissimilar languages, the paper probes into the subject from two aspects: (1) A syntactic and semantic feature analysis of the Pāli relative constructions based on the typological hypothesis; (2) A comparison of the Pāli relative constructions in various Chinese translations.
The demonstrated examples not only reveal a word-order reproduction of Chinese Buddhist translations, i.e. a structure of “branching rightward”, but also show the function of a post-head relative clause, providing the supplementary or assertive information for a topic. Compared with the Pāli, a Chinese sentence contains limited constituents. Under the right-branching structure, the post-head relative clauses in the Chinese translations have a syntactic variation: there is a hinted interrogative sentence, “suo-yi zhe he” or “he yi gu.” This inserted sentence turns one relative construction into a discourse consisted of three segments, and shows the strategies of relativization in the Chinese translations.
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 26
二、《中部》後置式關係句的形式與功能 27
（一）有中心詞：描述或限制 29
（二）無中心詞：斷言或說明 31
三、《中部》後置式關係句的漢譯現象 39
（一） 關係詞 yadidam 40
1. 承上文表述結果 41
2. 引介原因的說明 45
（二）非人稱用法 yam 的漢譯用例 51
（三）倒裝式關聯結構 57
1. 二段式構句 58
2. 句段結構 64
2.1 因果聯繫 64
2.2 排比類型 66
四、結語 69 |
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| ISSN | 16099575 (P) |
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| Hits | 525 |
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| Created date | 2020.05.05 |
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| Modified date | 2020.06.15 |
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