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幕末期長州藩における民衆動員と真宗=The Mobilization of the People of Choshu Domain and True Pure Land Buddhism during the Last Stage of the Tokugawa Bakufu |
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| Author |
上野大輔 (著)=Ueno, Daisuke (au.)
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| Source |
史林=The Journal of history
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| Volume | v.93 n.3 (總號=n.481) |
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| Date | 2010.05 |
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| Pages | 390 - 417 |
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| Publisher | 史学研究会 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.shigakukenkyukai.jp/
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| Location | 京都, 日本 [Kyoto, Japan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 日文=Japanese |
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| Note | 作者単位：花園大学非常勤講師 |
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| Abstract | 本稿の課題は、幕末期長州藩における民衆動員と真宗との関係について究明することである。まず、欧米勢力の来航に対する海防に当たり、人々を国家に服従させ、進んで死に赴かせることを重視した村田清風は、そのために真宗を利用することも試みた。一方、月性『仏法護国論』は、蓮如教学の有効性を重視しつつ、国家への服従としての海防に向け門徒を扇動した。文久年間以降、藩内では諸隊の編制が進展し、僧侶を中心とする隊も結成されたが、中でも真宗僧侶の活動は顕著であり、月性門下の僧侶も主導的な役割を果たした。ここでは、来世での極楽往生と共に、現世での「皇国」への患誠を積極的に志向するという、蓮如教学的構造をとった思想が、活動の一基盤をなした。また、欧米勢力や幕府との戦争を通じて民衆動員が進行する中、真宗僧侶による支配安定化・軍事動員のための活動も展開し、かくして真宗は、藩による民衆動員を促進する役割を果たしたのである。
This study examines the role of True Pure Land Buddhism (Jodo Shinshu), both in terms of its organization and doctrine, in the mobilization of the people of the Choshu domain in the last stage of the Tokugawa Bakufu. By the term "the people" I refer here to the subordinate classes, peasants (farming, fishing and mountain villagers) and townspeople (merchants and artisans), excluding the ruling samurai class. When faced with the need for coastal defense against the coming of the Europe and America powers, Murata Seifu (1783-1855), one of the political leaders of Choshu, stressed having the people die willingly for the "Imperial country" and tried to use Jodo Shinshu to that end. He focused on the influence of Jodo Shinshu on the people. On the other hand, the Buppo gogoku ron (Theory of Defense of the nation by Buddhism), which was based on the works of the Jodo Shinshu priest Gessho (1817-58), emphasized the effectiveness of doctrine of the Rennyo (1415-99) and encouraged adherents to mobilize for coastal defense. After the Bunkyu era (1861-64), the formation of various army corps progressed within the domain, and the corps that centered on priests were also formed. The activity of Jodo Shinshu priests was prominent, and the disciples of Gessho played a leading role. Here, the ideas that formed the structure of Rennyo's doctrine of rebirth in the Pure Land in the next world and loyalty to "Imperial country" in this world served as one basis for their activities. Moreover, the activities of Jodo Shinshu priests in the stabilization of rule and military mobilization increased as the mobilization of the people progressed during the war between the Western powers and the Shogunate. Thus, Jodo Shinshu played a role in domain's mobilization of the people. This historical reality appears to demonstrate an example of the interrelationships between political power, the people, and religion during the transitional period to the modern era. In short, one discerns here a structure in which religionists who were themselves under the control of political authority led the people to submit to that rule and to military mobilization based on a constant, ideological standpoint. I think this study is likely to become a source on which a broader consideration of Japan's modernization will be based. |
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| Table of contents | はじめに 390
第一章 「対外的危機」と真宗 393
第一節 村田清風の海防構想 393
第二節 「仏法護国論」の思想構造 396
第二章 軍事動員と僧侶 401
第一節 僧侶を中心する諸隊の結成状況 401
第二節 隊活動の思想的基盤 404
第三章 地域民衆の動員状況 409
第一節 「危機」下での藩権力の奉戴 409
第二節 軍事動員と真宗 411
おわりに 415
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| ISSN | 03869369 (P) |
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| DOI | 10.14989/shirin_93_390 |
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| Hits | 144 |
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| Created date | 2020.12.25 |
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| Modified date | 2021.01.05 |
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