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Temples, Timber, and Negotiations: Buddhist-Lay Relations in Early Modern Japan through the Prism of Conflicts over Mountain Resources=寺院、材木、交渉：山林資源をめぐる利害対立を通して見た近世日本の寺院と世俗社会の関係 |
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| Author |
Vesey, Alexander Marshall
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| Source |
Japan Review: Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies=日本研究=Nichibunken Japan Review=Bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies
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| Volume | v.28 |
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| Date | 2015.12 |
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| Pages | 67 - 101 |
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| Publisher | International Research Center for Japanese Studies=国際日本文化研究センター |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.nichibun.ac.jp/pc1/en/
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| Location | 京都, 日本 [Kyoto, Japan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Keyword | 徳川=Tokugawa; 仏教=Buddhism; 薬王院=Yakuōin; 高尾山=Mt. Takao; 材木=Timber; 造林=Silviculture; 調停=Mediation; 社会的地位=Status; 農民=Peasants; 入寺=Refuge |
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| Abstract | Specialists in Tokugawa history are well aware of institutional Buddhism’s support for warrior-mandated policies against heterodox religious groups, and the clergy’s socio-religious authority over the laity. However, Yoshida Nobuyuki, Tsukada Takashi, and other scholars’ recent research on Edo-period society brings into question the degree of Buddhist dominance over other status communities including the peasantry, especially in the context of non-religious economic activities and village level social practices. This paper examines Buddhist-lay relations through the prisms of status discourse and social practices by studying the tree plantation operations of Yakuōin, a Shingon temple on Mt. Takao to the west of Edo. Aside from being a training center and popular pilgrimage site, Yakuōin managed a tract of mountain land granted by the Tokugawa house. The clerics made money on sales of timber harvested from this holding, but they often came into conflict with peasants residing on nearby Tokugawa lands who wanted to exploit Mt. Takao’s natural resources. Despite the clergy’s prominent place in Edo society, Yakuōin’s records indicate peasants could win viable settlements by manipulating early modern legal practices and social structures to their advantage. The archives also provide examples of clerics and peasants who worked in unison to resolve conflicts on Mt. Takao. This paper will combine these accounts and advances in Edo historiography to present a model of cleric-lay social dynamics that juxtaposes modes of Buddhist dominance with the more evenly negotiated aspects of this relationship. It also considers the nature of Buddhist temple integration into early modern village communities. |
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| Table of contents | Yakuōin's Timber Stands and Communal Contention 75
Chart 1. Yakuōin Timber Plantation Costs 76
Chart 2. Yakuōin Timber Sales 77
Timber Theft by Individuals 81
Chart 3. Incidents of Resource Theft on Mt. Takao 81
Chart 4. Clerical Mediators 83
Later Tensions over Diverging Perceptions of Mt. Takao's Borders 86
The Nature of Clerical-Lay Relations on Mt. Takao 88
Concluding Observations 94 |
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| ISSN | 09150986 (P); 24343129 (E) |
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| DOI | 10.15055/00006021 |
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| Hits | 1640 |
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| Created date | 2021.02.03 |
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| Modified date | 2021.02.03 |
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