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Tilling the Fields of Merit: The Institutionalization of Feminine Enlightenment in Tibet’s First Khenmo Program |
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| Author |
Liang, Jue
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Taylor, Andrew S.
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| Source |
Journal of Buddhist Ethics
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| Volume | v.27 |
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| Date | 2020 |
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| Pages | 231 - 262 |
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| Publisher | Department of History & Religious Studies Program , The Pennsylvania State University |
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| Publisher Url |
https://history.la.psu.edu/
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| Location | University Park, PA, US |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Note | Authors affiliation: University of Virginia |
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| Abstract | This article documents the history and social effects of the khenmo (mkhan mo) program at Larung Gar (Bla rung sgar), the first institution in Tibet to systematically grant nuns advanced Buddhist degrees. We argue that Jigme Phuntsok (’Jigs med phun tshogs, 1933-2004), Larung’s founder, started the program in hopes of challenging the public perception of women as incapable of advanced learning. Legitimating nuns as a field of merit for donors represented an important step in his larger project of changing the status of nuns and women in Tibetan society more generally. We begin with a brief history of Larung, demonstrating how Jigme Phuntsok’s singular vision of gender equality in Buddhist education and practice led to the arrival of thousands of nuns to his small encampment. We proceed to give an overview of the khenmo program, including its curriculum and degree requirements. We conclude with an examination of the social effects of the khenmo movement, exploring how the presence of educated nuns is changing both women’s self-understandings of their own practice and lay attitudes toward women’s religious capacities. |
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| Table of contents | Introduction 232
The Life and Charisma of Jigme Phuntsok 235
Strategic Inclusivity 238
The Khenmo Program 242
Khenmos in the Public Imagination 249
The Social Effects of the Khenmo Movement 253
The Future of Khenmo Programs in Khams 258
Works Cited 260 |
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| ISSN | 10769005 (E) |
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| Hits | 154 |
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| Created date | 2021.03.06 |
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