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聖嚴法師淨土思想之研究 ── 以人間淨土為中心=A Study of Master Sheng Yen’ s Thoughts about Pure Land: Belief Centered on Pure Land on Earth |
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Author |
釋果鏡 (著)=Bhikshuni Guo-Jing (au.)
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Source |
聖嚴研究:第一輯=Studies of Master Sheng Yen No.1
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Date | 2010.03 |
Pages | 69 - 111 |
Publisher | 法鼓文化 |
Publisher Url |
http://www.ddc.com.tw/
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Location | 臺北, 臺灣 [Taipei, Taiwan] |
Series | 聖嚴思想論叢 |
Series No. | 1 |
Content type | 專題研究論文=Research Paper |
Language | 中文=Chinese |
Note | 作者單位:中華佛學研究所所長、法鼓佛教學院專任助理教授 Director, Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies |
Keyword | 聖嚴法師=Venerable Master Sheng Yen; 人間淨土=Pure Land on earth; 環保=environment protection; 心五四=the Fivefold Spiritual Renaissance; 心六倫= the Six Ethics of the Minds |
Abstract | 聖嚴法師近二十餘年來,在全台推動的人間淨土思想,對社會有著相當的影響力,在淨化人心上也有著卓越的貢獻,因此希望藉著本研究,能整理聖嚴法師提倡人間淨土的思想脈絡。 聖嚴法師曾在1965年刺血寫下「自利利人,自救救人,誓為振興中國佛教,犧牲奮鬥到底」的誓言,表現出他對中國佛教興隆的熱切、對自他兩利的重視,聖嚴法師常說:「佛法如此好,為什麼知道的人這麼少,誤解的人又如此多?」認為是弘法人才太少,佛教教育不普及的原因,因此將自己的生命全部投入於從事佛教教育、弘法利生之中,顯露出法師強烈地「以佛教教育救世救人」的悲懷,藉著佛教教育淨化人間,使人間成為可實現的淨土,達到救世救人的悲願。此種悲願直至今日,依然如初衷般,絲毫不變。 聖嚴法師除了致力於從事佛教教育之外,又在佛教教育之上,強調漢傳佛教之禪法。佛法即是心法,心法即是禪法。因此聖嚴法師在弘法利生上,即是以禪法為核心,以念佛為輔助,從事接引普羅眾生,自利利人。隨著因緣的牽引,縕釀出「提昇人的品質,建設人間淨土」的理念。然而聖嚴法師的人間淨土理念,不是把信仰中的十方佛國淨土,搬到地球上來;也不是要把《阿彌陀經》、《藥師經》、《阿閦佛國經》、《彌勒下生經》等所說的淨土景象,展現在今天的地球世界。我們都知道太虛大師曾經提倡「人生佛教」,主張建立一個周圍數十里的「佛教無稅地」,當作人間淨土的實驗區,雖然未能付諸實施,確是人間淨土思想的先驅。另外一位印順長老雖然是太虛大師的學生,他並未採取太虛大師的人間淨土,而是根據《阿含經》提倡「佛在人間」,來呼應太虛大師的「人成即佛成」的理念。至於東初老人的「人生佛教」,是以佛法配合了中國的儒家思想來推展的,若以此點與太虛大師及印順長老的思想相對照,多少是可以看出有些出入。而聖嚴法師所提倡的是以「提昇人的品質,建設人間淨土」的理念,來實踐人生佛教的人間淨土,這是承接了太虛、印順、東初三位大師的創見。同時法師亦致力於發揚漢傳大乘佛教的優點,承先啟後而適應各種人及時空的人間淨土。 本研究將聖嚴法師的人間淨土思想分四個時期,第一時期以聖嚴法師從四種角度,釐清人間淨土階段為研究對象。第二時期以聖嚴法師從各種心法,縕釀淨化人間淨土階段為研究對象。第三時期以聖嚴法師提倡心靈環保,建立觀念實現人間淨土階段為研究對象。第四時期以聖嚴法師提倡心的教育理念,落實實踐人間淨土階段為中心,分三小主題,其一:以三大教育實踐建設人間淨土為研究對象。其二:以在西元1999年發表「心五四運動的時代意義」中,提倡「心五四」來實踐建設人間淨土為研究對象。其三:以在西元2005年推行「心六倫運動的目的與期許」中,提倡「心六倫」來實踐建設人間淨土為研究對象。 綜合言之:此論文試圖探討聖嚴法師,如何勾繪出以心靈環保為主軸的思想,架構出心淨、眾生淨、國土淨相互之間的關係;並試圖追溯聖嚴法師如何綜合出大小乘經典,以及古聖先賢們的智慧,來架構出理想而完整的人間淨土;而現代的人如能遵循法師所架構的人間淨土地圖,則人間淨土即在眼前。
In recent decades, Venerable Master Sheng Yen has been promoting the idea of “Building a Pure Land on earth” in Taiwan. This has made significant influences on the society and contributed considerably in purifying human mind. This study intends to review Venerable Master Sheng Yen’s thoughts and advances on the promotion of “Building a Pure Land on earth”. In 1965, Venerable Master Sheng Yen wrote, in blood, a pledge, “To benefit the self and others; to save the self and others. Vow to campaign for the resurgence of Chinese Buddhism with complete devotion, to the end.” This demonstrates his enthusiasm in the efflorescence of Chinese Buddhism and his emphases on benefiting both the self and the others. Venerable Master Sheng Yen oftentimes restates that “Buddha Dharma is so precious, yet so few people realize that, and so many people get wrong ideas.” He believes that this is caused by lack of human capital in Dharma preaching and shortage of Buddhist education. Consequently, Venerable Master Sheng Yen has himself devoted into Buddhist education completely to benefit sentient beings by delivering Buddha Dharma. This illustrates his great compassion of “relieving the world with Buddhist education”. The compassion refers to the purication of human society by means of Buddhist education, for a feasible Pure Land on earth. To date, such compassion remains unchanged, as it was initially. In addition to the dedication to Buddhist education, Venerable Master Sheng Yen stresses the teaching of Chan in Chinese Buddhism. Literally speaking, the essence of mind represents Buddha Dharma, and Chan corresponds to the essence of mind. Therefore, Venerable Master Sheng Yen applies Chan practice as the core approach for delivering sentient beings, with recitation of Buddha’s name as a supportive means. With the development of causes and conditions, a vision was formed as “To uplift the character of humanity and build a Pure Land on earth.” Nonetheless, Venerable Master Sheng Yen’s idea of “building a Pure Land on earth” does not suggest the relocation of Pure Land of Buddha in all directions, in Buddhist believes, to the Earth. Neither does it refer to the establishment of Pure Land in the modern world based on images described in various sutras, e.g., Amitabha Sutra [A-Mi-Tuo-Jing], Medicine Buddha Sutra [Yao- Shi-Jing], Aksobhya-Buddha-Ksetra Sutra [A-Chu-Fo-Guo-Jing], The Descent of Maitreya Sutra [Mi-Le-Xia-Sheng-Jing], etc. We know that Venerable Master Tai-Xu, advocating “Humanistic Buddhism”, once promoted the founding of a “duty-free Buddhist land” as an experimental community of “Pure Land on earth”. Though not being fulfilled, it is a pioneer idea in Pure Land thoughts. Another Chine |
Table of contents | 一、前言 72 二、以四種角度釐清淨土之時期 73 (一)人間淨土 75 (二)天國淨土 75 (三)佛國淨土 76 (四)自心淨土 77 三、以心法淨化人間之醞釀時期 78 (一)用人天善法的觀念淨化人心 79 1.釋迦化度時代 79 2.彌勒化度時代 81 (二)用禪法的觀念淨化人心 83 (三)用菩薩行的觀念淨化人心 85 四、以心靈環保建立觀念之時期 88 (一)依據《維摩經》般若空建構心靈環保的理論內涵 89 (二)運用《金剛經》禪法建立心靈環保的修練方法 91 (三)會通儒道思想拓展心靈環保的關懷層面 93 (四)解決心靈貧窮凸顯心靈環保的時代意義 94 五、以心的教育實踐理念之時期 95 (一)以三大教育實踐環保建設人間淨土 96 (二)以心五四實踐環保建設人間淨土 97 (三)以心六倫實踐環保建設人間淨土 101 六、結語 103 |
Hits | 366 |
Created date | 2021.07.21 |
Modified date | 2021.07.21 |
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