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江戶時代佛教與政治之關係：以本末制度與寺檀制度為探討=The Relationship between Buddhism and Politics during the Edo Period: A Discussion of the Honmatsu Seido and Jidan Seido |
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釋道禮=Shi, Dao-li
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| Source |
圓光佛學學報=Yuan Kuang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.35 |
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| Date | 2020.06 |
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| Pages | 71 - 112 |
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| Publisher | 圓光佛學研究所=Yuan Kuang Buddhist College |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.ykbi.edu.tw/
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| Location | 桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為：國立台灣大學歷史學系研究所博士生 |
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| Keyword | 德川幕府=Tokugawa Shogunate; 金地院崇傳=Konchiin Sūden; 「諸宗寺院法度」=The Law to Buddhist Temples Enacted; 本末制度=Honmatsu Seido; 寺檀制度=Jidan Seido |
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| Abstract | 本文旨在探討江戶時代德川幕府對佛教制訂法規的政治用意，是使佛教成為政府的一個重要治理機構。德川幕府的宗教事務最初由臨濟宗僧人金地院崇傳負責，崇傳協助幕府起草「諸宗寺院法度」，內容包括本寺末寺制度、學問禮儀的獎勵，以及僧侶的任官等事宜。「諸宗寺院法度」中，對於佛教團體與一般民眾的管理，影響最大的莫過於「本末制度」與「寺檀制度」，甚至影響到現今的日本社會。本末制度是德川幕府為了統管佛教教團而設置的制度。幕府初期公布的寺院法度中明確地規定本寺與末寺之關係，將末寺嚴格地置於本寺的監督與統轄下。寺檀制度是德川幕府利用寺院與檀家的關係所制定的戶籍管理制度。佛教寺院被納入幕府統治的體制中，僧人擔負各家信徒的戶籍管理，且人民不論實際的信仰為何，都必須隸屬於佛教的某寺院，成為其檀那與檀家，從而使寺院與信徒間形成了固定的寺檀制度。德川幕府雖是藉由實行宗教政策來統治民眾，穩固政權；另一方面，佛教也有著為得到世俗權力的保證，而積極地擔負起這個職責的意願。
The purpose of this paper is to explore the political intention of the Tokugawa Shogunate which formulates laws and regulations of Buddhism in the Edo period so as to make Buddhism become the important administrative agency of the government. Konchiin Sūden, a monk of the Linji school（金地院崇傳, 1569-1633）, was initially responsible for the religious affairs of the Tokugawa Shogunate. He assisted the shogunate in drafting the "The Law to Buddhist Temples Enacted" which includes the main and branches temple system, rewards for learning etiquette as well as the
appointment of monks. In "The Law to Buddhist Temples Enacted", the Honmatsu Seido and the Jidan Seido have the greatest influence on the management of Buddhist groups and the general public. These systems even affect today's Japanese society until now.
To govern the Buddhist Order, the Tokugawa Shogunate established the Honmatsu Seido which clearly stipulated the
relationship between main temple and their branches at the beginning of the Shogunate and placed the branch temples under the supervision of the main temple. Using relationship between the temple and the dātṛ, Tokugawa Shogunate made the Jidan Seido a household registration management system. Buddhist monasteries were incorporated into the
shogunate system and monks were responsible for the household registration management of various believers. People, regardless of their actual beliefs, must belong to a Buddhist monastery and become their dāna and dātṛ so that the interaction of the temple and the believers produced the steady of Jidan Seido, a parishioner system. Although the Tokugawa Shogunate ruled the people and stabilized the government by implementing religious policies; on the other hand, Buddhism also had the willingness to actively assume this responsibility so as to obtain the guarantee in control of secular power. |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 76
二、金地院崇傳與「寺院諸法度」 78
(一) 圓照本光國師－金地院崇傳 79
(二) 德川幕府下達的「寺院法度」 83
三、本末制度所形成之權力機構組織 95
四、寺檀制度與日本封建社會的戶籍管理 104
五、結語 108
引用文獻 110
一、日文史料 110
二、專書 111
三、期刊、工具書、網路資源 112 |
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| ISSN | 16086848 (P) |
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| Hits | 1368 |
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| Created date | 2021.08.25 |
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| Modified date | 2022.08.03 |
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