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원효의 공(空)사상 -- 『금강삼매경론』 의 수공법(修空法) =Wonhyo's Śūnyatā -- Cultivation of the dharma of emptiness in Wonhyo's exposition of the Vajrasamādhi Sūtra
Author 김영미 (著)=Kim, Young-mi (au.)
Source 한국불교학=韓國佛教學
Volumev.97 n.0
Date2021.02.28
Pages219 - 250
Publisher한국불교학회
Publisher Url http://ikabs.org/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 동국대학교(경주) 불교사회문화연구원 인문사회학술연구교수
Keyword원효=Wonhyo; 금강삼매경론; 진공=眞空; 삼공=三空=the three levels of emptiness; 오공=五空=the five levels of emptiness; 대공=大空=great emptiness; 깨달음=Enlightenment; Exposition of the Vajrasamādhi Sūtra
Abstract원효는 깨달음을 증득한 초지(初地) 이상의 수행자이다. 『금강삼매경론』에서 원효는 본인이 증득한 공(空)에 대해 서술하는데, 다른 선사나 논서에서 볼 수 없는 독특한 내용과 구조를 보인다. 원효는 공을 해석할 때 중관학의 이제설(二諦說)과 유식학의 삼성설(三性說)을 수용하여 설명한다. 원효의 공사상은 초지(初地)를 기준으로 하여 십지 이전의 삼공(三空)과 이후의 삼공으로 나눌 수 있다. 십지(十地) 이전의 삼공은 「본각리품」에 아공(我空)・법공(法空)・평등공(平等空)이고, 「입실제품」에 십지 이후의 삼공은 공상역공(空相亦空)・공공역공(空空亦空)・소공역공(所空亦空)으로 구분한다. 또한, 십지 이전의 수행자가 닦아 나가는 공으로 오공(五空)에 대해 설명한다. 오공으로 유전진여(流轉眞如), 실상진여(實相眞如), 유식진여(唯識眞如)의 삼종진여(三種眞如)를 나타낸다. 관행(觀行)을 닦는 사람이 오공을 통달하여, 유(有)에서 완전히 벗어나면 깨달음인 진공(眞空)에 들어간다. 원효는 부동(不動)과 득입(得入)으로 깨달음의 경지에 들어가는 순간을 자세히 설명한다. 이(理)와 지(智)가 평등하여 능소의 상이 없는 무상(無相)의 부동법(不動法)이다. 이 부동법이 마음에 나타나는 것을 원효는 깨달음이라고 한다. 그 이후 보살의 실제 수행단계인 초지 이후에 삼공을 닦아 세 번 변화[三化]하여 일심(一心)을 통달한다. 결국 혜정(慧定)을 원만히 이루어 삼계를 초월할 수 있게 된다. 원효가 해석한 공사상의 가장 큰 독창성은 허무한 공이 아닌 중생들을 위한 자비진공(慈悲眞空)이다.

Wonhyo is more than just a practitioner who awakened to the first of the ten bodhisattva bhūmis. In Wonhyo's Exposition of the Vajrasamādhi Sūtra, he describes his achievements, showing unique content and structures that cannot be seen in the work of other Zen masters. Wonhyo embraces and explains the doctrinal teachings of the twofold truth (二諦說) in Madhyamaka (中觀) and the three natures of cognition (三性說) in Yogâcāra (唯識) when interpreting śūnyatā. Wonhyo's idea of śūnyatā may be divided into the three levels of apprehension of emptiness (三空) before, and three levels after the ten bodhisattva stages. The three levels before the ten bodhisattva stages are divided into non-self (我空), non-dharma (法空), and non-emptiness (平等空) as is shown in the chapter on inspiration of original enlightenment. The three levels after the ten bodhisattva stages are classified into the characteristic of emptiness is also empty (空相亦空), the emptiness of emptiness is also empty (空空亦空), and the thing which is emptied is also empty (所空亦空) as is shown in the chapter on accessing the edge of reality. In addition, Wonhyo also refers to the five levels of emptiness (五空) as the emptiness practiced before the ten bodhisattva stages. These five levels refer to the three types of true thusness (三種眞如), which are the true thusness of transmutation (流轉眞如), the true thusness of the real characteristics (實相眞如), and the true thusness of consciousness- only (唯識眞如).
If a person who practices by contemplating his or her original true mind and action (觀行) masters the five levels of emptiness, and completely deviates from existence, he or she will enter true emptiness (眞空) or enlightenment. Wonhyo explains in detail the moment when a person enters the stage of enlightenment with the concepts of the unwavering (不動) and attaining enlightenment (得入). One is unwavering from formlessness in that there is no form for the subject and object due to the equality of fundamental law (理) and wisdom (智). Wonhyo called it enlightenment when this unwavering-ness appears in the mind. After that, he or she practices the three levels of emptiness after the first of the ten bodhisattva bhūmis, a real stage of practice, transforms three times and totally penetrates to the one mind. In the end, wisdom and concentration can be achieved fully and transcend the three realms of existence. The greatest originality in an idea of śūnyatā, interpreted by Wonhyo, is not based in futility or nihilistic interpretations of emptiness, but the merciful true emptiness for sentient beings (慈悲眞空).

Table of contentsⅠ. 들어가는 말 221
Ⅱ. 공의 의미 222
1. 공이란 무엇인가 222
2. 공의 변천사 224
Ⅲ. 원효의 공사상 227
1. 초지 이전의 공수행 229
2. 진공(眞空) 231
3. 초지 이후의 삼공 234
Ⅳ. 나가는 말 244
ISSN12250945 (P)
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.22255/JKABS.97.8.
Hits91
Created date2021.09.10
Modified date2021.09.10



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