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The Literary Formation of Cultural Communities in Mid-Third- Through Early Fifth-Century China |
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| Author |
Chamness, Graham (撰)
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| Date | 2018 |
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| Pages | 245 |
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| Publisher | Harvard University |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.harvard.edu/
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| Location | Cambridge, MA, US [劍橋, 麻薩諸塞州, 美國] |
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| Content type | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Degree | doctor |
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| Institution | Harvard University |
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| Department | East Asian Languages and Civilizations |
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| Publication year | 2018 |
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| Keyword | literary gatherings; elite social gatherings; cultural communities; interaction rituals; Eastern Jin; Lanting; Zhi Dun; Tao Yuanming; Mount Lu; Tao Qian; Huiyuan; early medieval China |
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| Abstract | “The Literary Formation of Cultural Communities in Mid-Third- through Early Fifth-Century China,” explores elite social gatherings and the literature produced at those gatherings at the beginning of the period of division between north and south. This largely coincides with the Eastern Jin dynasty (317-420), the first southern dynasty, whose court was founded south of the Yangzi River with the help of a small group of aristocratic families after the territorial loss of the north to invading tribes. Previous scholarship tends to characterize this period as a moment in history when the cultural elite turned inwardly toward an esoteric metaphysical discourse concerned with self-discovery. While not entirely false, this view is misleading at least in the sense that it overlooks the degree to which emigre elites of the Eastern Jin turned toward each other, through their shared interest in the discourse of the "arcane" (xuan), here referring to the mystical Way that was at once spoken of by the Taoist philosophical texts preserved from antiquity and by the Buddhist sutras being translated in China from India and Central Asia, and sought to rebuild a sense of community together in the absence of their ancestral heartland. I argue that the elite social gatherings we read about in works like the Shishuo xinyu (New Account of Tales of the World) and literary writings produced at those gatherings, such as the poems composed by various participants at the famous gathering at Lanting in 353, and other social writings preserved in Buddhist anthologies and personal literary collections reveal a common trope during this period of being joined together as a community through individual absorption in a shared mystical understanding of the ineffable Way, of the great men of the past, and of the teachings of the Buddha. Being defined in some sense by not belonging to the court, the elites from this brief slice of time configure themselves into cultural communities that are markedly different from the cultural worlds of the periods that come immediately before and after, when literary output was primarily centered around the court.
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| Table of contents | Acknowledgments viii
Conventions xii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1: Reimagining the Group Identity of the “Seven Worthies of the Bamboo Grove”
Introduction 13
In Search of the Bamboo Grove 17
Insider Connections 23
The Source of Appearances 27
(a) Ruan Ji and Xi Kang 28
(b) Ruan Ji and Wang Rong 29
(c) Xi Kang and Wang Rong 31
(d) Wang Rong, The Latecomer 33
(e) Shan Tao, The Profound Enigma 35
Dubious Fellows 40
Conclusion 47
Chapter 2: The Poetic Formation of a Lasting Group Identity at the Gathering at Lanting
Introduction 49
Prelude 56
Natural Refrains 60
Zhuangzian Mind 67
Confucius at the Rain Altar 75
Roaming with the Past 87
The End (A Conclusion) 97
Chapter 2 Appendix: Translation of the Lanting Poems 99
Chapter 3: Representations of Self and Community in Zhi Dun’s Poems on the Eight Precepts Fasting Ceremony
Introduction 115
Merging into the Unseen 120
Consolation and Emptiness 126
The Ultimate Undoing 138
Conclusion 151
Chapter 3 Appendix: Translation of Zhi Dun’s Poetic Writings 154
Interlude: The Cultural Landscape of Mount Lu before Huiyuan 172
Kuang Su (or Lu Su?) 173
Dong Feng’s Apricot Grove 174
Gongting Temple Spirit and the Spirit of Mount Lu 175
Wu Meng 177
Chapter 4: Retracing Connections around Late Third- and Early Fifth-Century Xunyang
Introduction 181
Votive Society around Mount Lu 184
Karmic Connections 190
Around Stone Gate 195
Naming a Peak of One’s Own 204
Poems Ascending in Harmony 210
Neighbors in Mind 220
Conclusion 229
Conclusion 231
Bibliography 234
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| Hits | 408 |
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| Created date | 2021.12.14 |
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