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고려시대 水陸齋의 전개와공민왕대 國行水陸齋설행의 의미=A Study on Development of the Buddhist Rite for the Beings of Water and Land(水陸齋) During Goryo Dynasty and Historical Meaning of the National Ritual for the Beings of Water and Land(國行水陸齋) in the Reign of King Gongmin
Author 강호선 (著)=Kang, Ho-sun (au.)
Source 불교연구=佛教研究=Bulgyo-Yongu
Volumev.38 n.0
Date2013.02.28
Pages193 - 226
Publisher韓國佛教研究院
Publisher Url http://kibs.or.kr/xe/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 서울대학교 국사학과 강사
Keyword水陸齋=the Buddhist Rite for the Beings of Water and Land; 國行水陸齋=the National Ritual for the Beings of Water and Land; 왕실상장례=the royal funeral service; 水陸儀文=the Ritual Text for the Rite of Water and Land; 薦度齋=Rite for Salvation of the Dead; 忌晨齋=Gishinjae
Abstract고려의 국가의례에서 불교의례가 차지하는 비중은 매우 높았다. 이러한 불교의례 가운데는 삼국시대 혹은 통일신라시대 이래로 계속 설행되어 오던 것도 있었으나 고려 건국 후 새롭게 설행되는 의례도 있었다. 흔히 물과 육지를 떠도는 외로운 영혼과 아귀를 위로하고 천도하는 의식으로 알려진 수륙재도 고려에서 처음 설행되었던 불교의례이다. 고려전기 수용된 수륙재는 처음에는 국가 혹은 왕실의례로 설행되었으나 고려후기 그 저변이 확대되는 모습이 확인되며, 왕실상장례의 한 부분으로 수용되었다. 수륙재는 광종대 吳越과의 불교교류 속에서 수용되었던 것으로 보이는데, 민간에까지 확대된 행사가 아니라 국가 혹은 왕실의례로 설행되었다. 한편, 11세기 말에는 日官 崔士謙이 송에서 水陸儀文을 구해와 선종에게 청해 普濟寺에 水陸堂을 짓고자 했는데, 수륙의문과 수륙당의 건립을 통해 선종대 수륙재 설행과 관련된 제반사항들이 체계화되었음을 알 수 있다. 고려후기에는 고려시대 수륙재 관련 기록이 증가할 뿐만 아니라 다양화된다는 것, 선종에서 수륙재가 설행되고 수륙의문이 간행되었다는 것, 寺刹에서 私的으로 설행하거나 혹은 일반 귀족관료들 사이에서 중요한 천도의식으로 수륙재를 설행했다는 것 등이 주목되며, 사회전반에서 수륙재가 성행하고 있었던 것으로 보인다. 특히 수륙재는 공민왕대 국상·국장 및 왕실 천도재의 의식으로 정착되었는데, 상장례 및 천도재로서의 수륙재는 조선초 왕실 상장례 및 기신재로 계승되어 상당기간 존속되며 설행되었다. 공민왕대의 변화는 노국대장공주의 상에서 처음 확인되며, 노국대장공주를 위해 나옹혜근이 주관한 수륙재는 사료에서 확인되는 최초의 “국행”수륙재이자 왕실상장례에서의 수륙재 설행이었다. 노국대장공주의 상장례는 조선초 유교에 입각한 새로운 왕실 상장례가 정비되기 전까지 계속되었던 것으로 추정된다.

Buddhist rituals were given a great deal of weight on the national rituals in Goryo Dynasty. Among these Buddhist rituals, there were rituals that not only kept being performed from the Three Kingdoms period and the Unified Silla period but also that begun after establishment of Goryo Dynasty. The Buddhist Rite for the Beings of Water and Land(Sulyukjae/水陸齋) were also performed for the first time in Goryo Dynasty, Sulyukjae which was accepted in early Goyro period were carried out as national or royal ritual. But, till late Goryo period, it was spread to the Goryo society and performed a part of the royal funeral service.
Sulyukjae was accepted in Goryo Dynasty during the reign of King Gwangjong(光宗), at that time, it was performed as nation or royal ritual, not performed privately by common people. On the late 11th century, an groyoastrologer(日官) Sakyum Choi(崔士謙) was visited to the Song China as one of Goryo representatives. He came back to the Goryo with the Ritual Text for the Rite of Water and Land(Sulyukyuimoon/水陸儀文) from Song China, and requested King Seonjong(宣宗) to build a building for Sulyukjae(Sulyukdang/水陸堂) in the Bojesa temple(普濟寺).
The introduction of the Sulyukyuimoon and the construction of Sulyukdang mean that the Sulyukjae was systematized at the reign of King Seonjong. The follow three things mean that the Sulyukjae were popular to the Goryo people during the late Goryo period: (1) increase and variety of records on the Sulyukjae, (2) performed the Sulyukjae and published a text on Sulyukjae ritual by the Son sect(禪宗), (3) the Sulykjae was performed at a temple privately or as the rite for Salvation of the Dead by the nobility and government officials. Especially, the Sulyujae was taken for the royal funeral service and the royal rite for salvation of the dead at King Gongmin’s reign, and the Sulyujae as royal ritual had been performed by early Chosen Dynasty. The change of the Sulyukjae during King Gonmin’s reign was made sure at the funeral ceremony of Nokukdaejangkongju(魯國大 長公主) at first, and the Sulyujae for Nokukdaejangkongju’s soul which was managed by Monk Naong Hyegun(懶翁慧勤) was the first case of the National Ritual for the Beings of Water and Land(國行水陸齋) and it performed the royal funeral service(王室喪葬禮) for the first time. The funeral ceremony of Nokukdaejangkongju was kept going during early Chosen period by systemizing new royal funeral service based on the Confucianism.

Table of contentsⅠ. 서론 195
Ⅱ. 고려전기 수륙재와 水陸儀文 전래 198
Ⅲ. 고려후기 수륙재 설행의 다양화 206
Ⅳ. 공민왕대 왕실상례에서의 國行水陸齋 설행 211
Ⅴ. 결론 220
ISSN12253154 (P)
Hits118
Created date2022.01.16
Modified date2022.01.16



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