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山西大同觀音堂觀音殿壁畫制作材料與工藝分析=Preliminary Investigation of the Painting Technology and Materials Used in the Murals at Guanyintang, Datong, Shanxi |
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| Author |
李娜 (著)=Li, Na (au.)
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蘇伯民 (著)=Su, Bo-min (au.)
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馮雅琪 (著)=Feng, Ya-qi (au.)
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孫勝利 (著)=Sun, Sheng-li (au.)
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尹剛 (著)=Yin, Gang (au.)
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于宗仁 (著)=Yu, Zong-ren (au.)
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| Source |
敦煌研究=Dunhuang Research
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| Volume | n.1 (總號=n.185) |
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| Date | 2021 |
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| Pages | 128 - 136 |
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| Publisher | 敦煌研究編輯部 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.dha.ac.cn/
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| Location | 蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 李娜 ： 中國國家博物館，中國社會科學院考古研究所
蘇伯民：敦煌研究院
馮雅琪：敦煌研究院
孫勝利：敦煌研究院
尹剛：山西彩塑壁畫研究保護中心
于宗仁：敦煌研究院 |
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| Keyword | 觀音堂=Guanyintang; 壁畫顏料=wall paintings; 制作工藝=production technology; materials |
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| Abstract | 山西大同觀音堂是大同市現存始建年代最早的專門供奉觀音菩薩的佛教寺院，其主殿觀音殿內現存清末壁畫約70m2，是山西地區具有代表性的清代重要壁畫作品。應用顯微鏡(OM)、X射線衍射(XRD)、掃描電鏡(SEM)等多種分析方法對觀音堂壁畫樣品的微觀結構和礦物顏料成分進行分析，並對其壁畫材料及工藝作初步解析。結果表明觀音堂壁畫使用了傳統的干壁畫繪制工藝，即在建築內部的青磚墻體上抹上添加碎麥秸的灰泥，在灰泥上塗抹一層很薄的含有更細植物纖維的黏土，製成細泥層，在細泥層上塗刷高嶺石或方解石製成白色底色層，用於作畫。壁畫使用顏料分別為硃砂、石青、石綠、鉛丹、雌黃、水白鉛礦及赤鐵礦等常見礦物質顏料。研究結果可為了解清代大同本地的壁畫製作工藝和材料提供重要的科學資料。
Guanyintang is regarded as the earliest Buddhist temple for worshipping Avalokitesvara(Guanyin) in Datong,Shanxi Province. There are about 70 m2 of murals from the late Qing dynasty in the main hall, Guanyindian, that are significant as being representative of Qing dynasty murals from the Datong area. Several analysis methods including microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), etc. were utilized in analyzing the micro-structures and mineral pigments of mural samples from Guanyintang; this analysis can provide a preliminary interpretation of the painting materials and techniques. The results show that the traditional painting technique of applying a secco in layers to the inner walls of the temple was used. First, a base layer of loess clay containing chopped reeds was plastered onto the interior surface of the brick wall. A clay wash, which contains thin fibers, was then coated over this layer of plaster, following which a thin white layer of kaolinite or calcite was added as the final surface on which paint could be applied. The mural samples show the presence of various common mineral pigments such as cinnabar, azurite, malachite, minium, orpiment, plumbite and hematite, etc. The results of this study can provide important scientific data for understanding the wall painting technology and materials utilized at Datong in the Qing dynasty. |
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| Table of contents | 1 引言 129
2 樣品與分析方法 129
2.1 樣品描述 129
2.2 分析儀器及方法 130
3 結果與討論 130
3.1 壁畫層位結構信息 130
（1） 支撐體 130
（2） 壁畫層位結構 130
（3） 壁畫層剖面結構 131
3.2 地仗層 131
3.3 白粉層 133
3.4 顏料分析 133
4 結論 135 |
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| ISSN | 10004106 (P) |
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| Hits | 290 |
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| Created date | 2022.02.16 |
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| Modified date | 2022.02.16 |
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