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川渝石窟唐宋摩崖題刻中的古代工匠資料輯考=Research on the Craftsmen in Tang and Song Dynasties Cliff Inscriptions from Sichuan and Chongqing |
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| Author |
董華鋒 (著)=Dong, Hua-feng (au.)
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李菲 (著)=Li, Fei (au.)
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| Source |
敦煌研究=Dunhuang Research
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| Volume | n.3 (總號=n.187) |
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| Date | 2021 |
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| Pages | 86 - 94 |
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| Publisher | 敦煌研究編輯部 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.dha.ac.cn/
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| Location | 蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者單位：四川大學考古文博學院 |
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| Keyword | 川渝石窟=Sichuan and Chongqing grottoes; 摩崖題刻=cliff inscriptions; 古代工匠=ancient craftsmen; 石窟營建=cave construction |
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| Abstract | 川渝石窟唐宋時期的造像記、修妝記、工匠題記及其他碑記等摩崖題刻中保存有一批與石窟營造工匠有關的資料。系統輯錄、考證相關材料可知,川渝唐宋石窟營建工匠有完備的分工,涉及石匠、畫匠、鐫字匠、木匠等四個工種,其中石匠最為重要,其開龕鐫像的程序可依據未完工的小型龕像大體推知,各工種都有相應的頭目,又以技藝高低區分為都料、博士、匠三個級別,此外還有總領營造之事的負責人,較大規模的營造工事可能還存在特聘的專門工匠。工匠團隊的組織結構大致有分工合作式和家族式兩種。工匠團隊成員的形象偶爾也出現在石窟造像中。對川渝石窟古代工匠的研究將進一步加深我們對該區域現存龕像的理解。
In the Tang and Song dynasties grottoes in Sichuan and Chongqing there are four kinds of cliff inscriptions that mention craftsmen. Based on a systematic compilation and textual research of these inscriptions, this paper concludes that the craftsmen of the Tang and Song dynasty grottoes in Sichuan and Chongqing worked according to a clear-cut division of labor.This division involved the four roles of stonemasons, painters, engravers and carpenters, among which the stonemasons were the most important. The importance of stonemasons can be judged from the detail and expertise necessary for carving niches with statues, the process of which can be roughly inferred from unfinished extant niches. In addition to a general director that was in charge of the general construction, each type of work had its own leaders that could be divided into the three ranks of duliao,boshi and jiang based on level of skill. Special craftsmen skilled in particular areas may also have been employed for large-scale construction work. There were two types of craftsman teams, one that depended on the division and cooperation of labor for its organization, the other consisting of workmen from the same family. Images of craftsman from different teams can be seen carved in several places throughout the caves. The study of ancient labor structures and craftsmen in the grottoes of Sichuan and Chongqing will further deepen our understanding of the construction and content of niche carvings in this region. |
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| Table of contents | 一 川渝石窟古代工匠的工種 87
(一)石匠 87
(二)畫匠 89
(三)鐫字匠 90
二 川渝石窟古代工匠的技術級別 90
(一)都料 90
(二)博士 91
三 川渝石窟古代工匠團隊的組織 91
(一)作頭 91
(二)勾當 91
四 川渝石窟大型工事的專門工匠 92
五 結語 93 |
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| ISSN | 10004106 (P) |
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| DOI | 10.13584/j.cnki.issn1000-4106.2021.03.009 |
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| Hits | 172 |
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| Created date | 2022.02.18 |
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| Modified date | 2022.02.18 |
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