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諸法無受三昧之修學方法及與聲聞禪觀關係之研究=Investigation on the Relation Between the Practices of the Mahāyāna’s Samādhi on Non-attachment and the Śrāvakayāna’s Insight Meditation Practices
Author 釋顯禪 (著)=Shi, Xian-chan (au.)
Source 福嚴佛學研究=Fuyan Buddhist Studies
Volumen.16
Date2021.12
Pages69 - 102
Publisher福嚴佛學院
Publisher Url https://www.fuyan.org.tw/
Location新竹市, 臺灣 [Hsinchu shih, Taiwan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
Note獨立佛學研究者
Keyword無受三昧=samādhi on non-attachment; 聲聞禪觀=Śrāvakayāna insight meditation; 不共二乘; 五蘊=five aggregates
Abstract依據印順法師的研究,般若法門為初期大乘經的核心,影響了一切大乘經,並稱「小品部類」的初品為「原始般若」,始於聲聞法轉入大乘之初。印順法師亦從初期大乘經論(尤其是與大乘三昧有關的經典),與各部律典進行考辨,發見大乘經之傳出者來自部派中的聲聞僧團;「原始般若」更是阿蘭若(無諍)行者,獨住而專修禪慧,成就於一切法無所執受之三昧而傳出。依《般若經》經文,此三昧由聲聞弟子須菩提說出,第一段無受三昧以先尼梵志的證入為例,在說明第二段無受三昧後佛又因此稱嘆須菩提為無諍三昧第一。如此看來,諸法無受三昧似乎與聲聞行法有關聯。然而,般若經兩段內容都提到此無受三昧不共二乘。諸法無受三昧與聲聞禪觀的關係為何?此為本文討論的核心課題。研究發現,無受三昧依於五蘊觀察,而達到「於一切法無所執受」,乃共《雜阿含經》〈蘊相應〉的教學內容;此三昧的修學方法中,教導應遠離為了祈求未來五蘊而造作,也能從阿含經找到相似的教學。然而,無受三昧直從五蘊當體,觀察一一法無有固定特性可得,這樣觀察五蘊的方法與阿含不盡相同。同時,通過梵語解析,發現此三昧不共二乘的意義,可能包含能令菩薩不退墮二乘。此外,本文也通過對比特定的聲聞禪觀,發現無受三昧的修習內容雖然與聲聞禪觀有許多相似的地方,然而大乘無受三昧比起相關的聲聞禪觀,無論是悲願、入手處、作用等,都更為深廣。

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the influence of the Śrāvakayāna meditative insight practices on the samādhi called non-attachment, found in the different versions of Prajñā Sūtra. Conclusion shows that the samādhi on non-attachment relies on insight investigation into the five aggregates in order to arrive at the state of no attachment to any dharma at all. This practice has similarities to the teachings in the Book of Aggregates found in the Saṃyuktāgama. The practice methods of this samādhi indicates that one should distance themselves from the mindset of seeking future existence when practicing the samādhi. Such approach has parallel elements in early Buddhist texts. Although the practice methods may have quite a few shared aspects, the Mahāyāna samādhi on non-attachment is broader in depth and breadth when looking at aspects of compassionate vows, entry ways, functions and so on.
Table of contents一、前言 71
二、諸法無受三昧的語義與成就 74
(一)無受三昧之語義 74
(二)諸法無受三昧的成就 78
(三)小結 81
三、諸法無受三昧的修學方法 82
(一)第一段無受三昧的修學 83
1、「菩薩不應於五蘊中住」 83
2、「菩薩不應於五蘊中住」的理由 85
3、「作五蘊行」的結果 86
4、「色無受想則非色」 87
(二)第二段無受三昧的修學以及到「中品般若」的演變 89
(三)小結 90
四、與無受三昧關係密切的聲聞禪觀 91
(一)無所依禪之考察 91
(二)先尼梵志所修禪之考察 93
(三)無諍三昧之考察 93
(四)小結 97
五、結論 98
ISSN20700512 (P)
Hits172
Created date2022.04.14



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