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死亡儀式和神諭：在印度北部拉達克佛教的一個案例研究=Death Rituals and Oracle: A Case Study in Ladakh Buddhism, North India |
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| Author |
南家帆 (著)
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| Date | 2019 |
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| Pages | 1 - 63 |
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| Publisher | 南華大學 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://web.nhu.edu.tw/
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| Location | 嘉義縣, 臺灣 [Chia-i hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Degree | master |
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| Institution | 南華大學 |
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| Department | 宗教學研究所 |
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| Advisor | 釋覺明 |
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| Publication year | 107 |
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| Keyword | 拉達克佛教=Ladakh Buddhism; 死亡=Death; 儀式=Rituals; 喪葬=Funeral; 神諭=Oracle; 藏傳佛教=Tibetan Buddhism |
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| Abstract | The study is concerned with death and funeral rituals that reveal the Ladakhi Buddhist beliefs and attitudes toward death. It focuses on Buddhist religious beliefs and socio-cultural practices regarding death. Buddhists believe in the cyclical reincarnation of the soul. So, funeral rites are performed not only for the disposal of the body, but also to assist the deceased soul to the next destination. The paper discusses how the responsibility of the family members and relatives to perform the funeral rites and the rights way to assist the deceased soul in the intermediate state after death. This thesis also discusses the different forms of oracles in Buddhist Ladakh who present rituals service to peoples when they are possessed by gods. It also explores the roles and importance of Buddhist oracles in rites.
本研究涉及死亡和喪葬儀式，揭示拉達克佛教信仰和對死亡的態度。尤其，側重於佛教宗教信仰和有關死亡的社會文化習俗。佛教徒相信靈魂轉世。因此，葬禮儀式不僅用於處理身體，還用於幫助死者靈魂投胎到下一世。本文討論家人和親屬協助亡者在中陰時期，如何用正確法式，執行喪葬儀式，超渡亡者之靈魂。本文還討論了拉達克中不同形式的神諭，當神降臨其身，則能為人們提供各項儀式。本研究還探討佛教神諭在儀式中的作用和重要性。
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| Table of contents | ACKNOWLEDGMENT I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
TABLE OF CONTENTS IV
TABLE OF FIGURES V
CHAPTER 1: PREFACE 1
1.1 Research Motivation and Purpose 2
1.2 Research Methods and Materials 4
1.3 Research Steps 7
1.4 Structure of the Thesis 8
1.5 Overview of Previous Research 10
CHAPTER 2: GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL STUDY OF LADAKH 15
2.1 Geographical Study of Ladakh 15
2.2 History of Buddhism in Ladakh 17
2.3 History of Shamans and Oracle in Ladakh 20
2.4 Ladakh Buddhist Customs 25
CHAPTER 3: DEATH RITUALS 29
3.1 Death, Dying and Ghost-Spirit 29
3.2 The Disposal of the Corpse 33
3.3 Family and Relatives 37
3.4 Remembering the Deceased 38
CHAPTER 4: VILLAGE AND MONASTERY ORACLES 42
4.1 Tibetan Buddhism, Oracles, and Shamans 42
4.2 Selection of Village Oracles 45
4.3 Work of Village Oracles in Society 46
4.4 Monastery Oracles in Possession 48
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 51
BIBLOGRAPHY 55
APPENDICES 61
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Map of Ladakh 15
Figure 2 Torma and Chodpa (Rituals offering object made of food) 22
Figure 3 Tarchok - Prayer Flag on the House 24
Figure 4 Chotkhang- Shrine Room 27
Figure 5 Corpse carrying to the cremation site 35
Figure 6 Village oracle in possession at Leh 42
Figure 7 Monastery oracle in possession and making mask dance at Sekthi Thakthok Monastery 48 |
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| Hits | 303 |
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| Created date | 2022.06.10 |
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| Modified date | 2023.02.10 |
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