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佛教與殘疾：從理論到當代華人社會的實踐=Buddhism and Disability – From Theory to Practice in Contemporary Chinese Societies |
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譚美卿 (著)=Tam, Mei-hing (au.)
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| Date | 2017 |
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| Pages | 1 - 218 |
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| Publisher | 佛光大學 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://website.fgu.edu.tw/
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| Location | 宜蘭縣, 臺灣 [I-lan hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Degree | master |
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| Institution | 佛光大學 |
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| Department | 佛教學系 |
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| Advisor | 鄭維儀 |
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| Publication year | 105 |
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| Keyword | 殘疾=Disability; 身心障礙=Ableism; 苦=Suffering; 業=Action; 慈悲=Compassion; 慈濟萬華靜思堂=Tzu Chi Jing Si branch temple; 香港失明人佛教會=Hong Kong Buddhist Society for the Blind; 聾=Deaf; 盲=Blind; 失明=Dukkha |
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| Abstract | 對人類來說，殘疾／身心障礙（以下用：「殘疾」）是一種很普遍的經驗。儘管如此，有關佛教和殘疾的研究卻很少。本論文就是從文獻及經驗中研究「佛教與殘疾」在理論及實踐上的論述。
文中第一及第二章將先介紹一些有關本研究題目的基本概念。當中包括：殘疾的定義和殘疾的模式，在殘疾研究中對殘疾及「健全主義」的理解等。另外，透過參考古印度和中國，以及當代台灣和香港社會對殘疾之看法，我們發現社會對殘疾有很多不同的多元觀點。
接著，本文將透過巴利佛典研究，建構有關佛教與殘疾的「理論」部分，再針對三個核心的佛教教義：苦、業和慈悲，探討佛教教義如何理解殘疾。
至於經驗部分，本文將以兩個在當代華人社會裡，現有殘疾人士參與其活動的佛教團體作為對象，並以人誌學研究法作個案研究。這兩個個案包括：有聾人參與其活動的慈濟萬華靜思堂（位於台北萬華區），以及香港失明人佛教會。
研究顯示：長久以來，不同社會對殘疾人士的看法主要都是負面的。但以佛陀年代的標準來說，佛教的共融性卻是革命性的。此外，佛教對於殘疾，不但具有真實的理解，而且態度是正面的。殘疾的經驗，甚至往往令人在其佛教的修行路上，起正面作用。
當殘疾人士在其佛教修行路上的障礙開始慢慢地挪開的同時，「健全主義」似乎是最關鍵的挑戰。因為「健全主義」一直在加深殘疾人士經歷的社會烙印和負面態度。
文中的兩個個案顯示了我們正處於對「佛教與殘疾」論述作出變革的十字路口。殘疾人士的聲音不再被其他聲音遮蓋，他們亦不再是被動的「對象」，而是擔當主動角色建構 「佛教與殘疾」論述的主角。
Despite disability being a universal experience among all human beings, there is little study on Buddhism and Disability. This thesis addresses this topic using a combination of textual and empirical studies both in “theory” and in “practice” to identify the discourse of disability in Buddhism.
A foundational understanding of terms like disability and various disability models will be laid down in both Chapters 1 and 2 to see how disability and ableism are viewed in disability studies. By looking at the perceptions of disability in ancient Hindu and Chinese cultures, as well as contemporary Taiwanese and Hong Kong societies, a multivocality of views can be seen.
A textual study of the English translations of Buddhist texts in the Pāli Canon will be made to form the core “theory” in Buddhism and Disability in this paper. It will be followed by the study of three Buddhist doctrines: suffering (dukkha), action (kamma) and compassion (karuṇā), to see how they are differently interpreted in Buddhist practice concerning disability.
For the empirical studies, this research will look at the current Buddhist practice of two groups of devotees with disabilities in contemporary Chinese societies, one based in Taiwan, one in Hong Kong. Ethnographical studies will be conducted with a small Deaf community engaged at Tzu Chi’s Jing Si branch temple in Taipei’s Wan Hua district as well as the Hong Kong Buddhist Society for the Blind (HKBSB).
It can be observed from the studies that negative perceptions on disability have always prevailed in different societies but Buddhism is indeed very revolutionary in terms of its inclusiveness during the Buddha’s time and has a very truthful understanding of and positive attitude towards disability. Disability can play a positive role in one’s spiritual attainment in Buddhism. While solutions to overcome different physical barriers for persons with disabilities (PWDs) to engage in Buddhism can gradually be solved, ableism seems to pose the greatest challenge in PWDs’ participation in Buddhism for it has reinforced social stigma and negative attitude against PWDs. The case studies also show that we are at the crossroad for a change about the discourse of Buddhism and Disability where PWDs are no longer passive “objects” with their voices dominated by others. Instead, PWDs are active “subjects” to construct the discourse of Buddhism and Disability. |
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| Table of contents | ABSTRACT i
摘要 iii
DEDICATION v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi
CONTENTS viii
ABBREVIATIONS x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Motivation 3
1.2. Purpose And Aim 5
1.3. Literature Review 6
1.4. Definition of Terms 9
1.4.1. Disability 9
1.4.2. Disability Models 12
1.4.2.1. Individual Model 13
1.4.2.2. Medical Model 13
1.4.2.3. Social Model 13
1.4.3. Ableism 15
1.4.4. A Note on Terminology 16
1.5. Research Method 17
1.6. Research Scope, Limitation And Challenges 21
CHAPTER 2: ON DISABILITY 24
2.1. Disability in Historical Hindu Culture 25
2.2. Disability in Historical Chinese Culture 27
2.3. Disability & Contemporary Chinese Society 33
2.3.1. Disability in Contemporary Taiwan 34
2.3.2. Disability in Contemporary Hong Kong 38
2.4. Conclusion for This Chapter 43
CHAPTER 3: BUDDHISM AND DISABILITY 46
3.1. Analysis from the Textual Studies 46
3.1.1. Explicit Address of Disability Itself 47
3.1.2. Characters with Disabilities 55
3.1.3. Language Used 60
3.1.4. Conclusion of the Textual Analysis 63
3.2. Core Buddhist Doctrines And Disability 65
3.2.1. Dukkha (Pāli; Sanskrit: duḥkha) 67
3.2.2. Kamma (Pāli; Sanskrit: karma) 72
3.2.3. Karuṇā (Pāli and Sanskrit) 86
3.3. Conclusion for This Chapter 92
CHAPTER 4: PWDS IN BUDDHIST PRACTICE: TWO CASE STUDIES 95
4.1. Case 1: Tzu Chi Jing Si Branch Temple And the Deaf Community 95
4.1.1. Background at Tzu Chi And Jing Si Branch Temple 97
4.1.2. Mr. Sun’s Acquaintance with Buddhism 99
4.1.3. Stories of Three Reading Clubs 101
4.1.4. The Question on Kamma 105
4.1.5. Reflections on This Case Study 107
4.2. Case 2: Hong Kong Buddhist Society for the Blind 109
4.2.1. A Union of the Causes and Conditions 111
4.2.2. A Vision to Alleviate Dukkha 113
4.2.3. Overcoming Barriers 114
4.2.4. Benefiting Self. Benefiting Others 121
4.2.5. The Question on Kamma 125
4.2.6. Reflections on This Case Study 127
4.3. Conclusion for This Chapter 128
4.4. Photos Used in This Chapter (Photos 1-3) 132
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 135
BIBLIOGRAPHY 141
Primary Sources 141
Secondary Sources (In English) 141
Secondary Sources (In Chinese) 145
Electronic Sources 147
APPENDIX 1: TEXTUAL CONTENT IN THE “CORPUS” 151
APPENDIX 2: EXTRACTIONS FROM THE LAWS OF MANU RELATING TO PWDS 153
APPENDIX 3: SUMMARY OF DISABILITY KEYWORDS IN THE CORPUS 155
APPENDIX 4: SURVEY CONDUCTED WITH MEMBERS OF THE HONG KONG BUDDHIST SOCIETY FOR THE BLIND (HKBSB) 198 |
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| Hits | 257 |
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| Created date | 2022.06.17 |
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| Modified date | 2023.02.10 |
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