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試論宋代儒禪形成的因緣 － 以《禪林寶訓》為例=A Study on the Causes of the Formation of Confucian Chan in Song Dynasty- The Book of Chan Lin Bao Xun as a Case |
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許文筆 (著)=Hsu, Wen-pi (au.)
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| Source |
宗教哲學=Journal of Religious Philosophy
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| Volume | n.80 |
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| Date | 2017.06.25 |
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| Pages | 117 - 155 |
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| Publisher | 中華民國宗教哲學研究社 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://ssrp.info/
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| Location | 南投縣, 臺灣 [Nantou hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Keyword | 禪林寶訓=Chan Lin Bao Xun; 宋代禪宗=Zen Buddhism in Song Dynasty; 儒禪=Confucian Chan; 大慧宗杲=Dahui Zonggao; 竹庵士珪=Zhuan Shigui |
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| Abstract | 從東漢格義佛教將印度佛教文化帶入中國文化場域，就明顯的經歷一連串的交流對話、相互詰難，到取其優點作為借鏡，以融入或發展自身的新思想，最後三教合一或三教融合成了明清以來的傳統。從佛教自身來看這個變化過程，宋代是一個關鍵時代，佛教承續之前的三教詮說，又面臨政權變化及新儒家的挑戰，回應的過程使得佛教與儒家有更趨進的現象，這在禪宗有明顯表現，也是本論想要探討的地方。《禪林寶訓》是大慧宗杲及竹庵士珪禪師編輯二宋期間高僧大德之嘉言懿行錄，後淨善禪師再重輯，而流傳至今。此書中可見二宋重要禪師對當時禪宗現象的反思言語。本文以此書為本，在簡述佛教歷來的三教互動言說後，主要論述宋代禪師所行而形成的儒禪現象，主要探討形成的內外因緣及運用的實例，並先定義為何儒禪，以為三教交流史中提供一個明證與佛教轉折點。
Since the Indian Buddhist culture was introduced to the Chinese culture by Geyi Buddhism in Eastern Han Dynasty, it has evidently experienced a series of exchanges, conversations, interrogations, and examinations. The advantages were borrowed as examples and fused to develop the new thought. Finally, the union or integration of the three religions became the tradition after Ming and Qing Dynasty. If the transitional process is observed in terms of Buddhism itself, Song Dynasty is a key period. Buddhism inherited from the interpretations of the former three religions and faced the political changes and the challenges of New Confucianism. The responsive process led to more inclination of Buddhism for Confucianism, and this paper aims to discuss its obvious exhibition in Zen Buddhism. The book of Chan Lin Bao Xun is the records of the senior monks' good words and acts during the two Song Dynasties edited by Masters Dahui Zonggao and Zhuan Shigui. It was reedited by Master Jing Shan and has been handed down ever since. From this book, we can see the reflective words on the contemporary phenomenon of Zen Buddhism from the important Zen masters in the two Song Dynasties. Based on the book, this paper briefly introduces the interactive words between the three Buddhist religions in history and then has a major discourse on the phenomenon of Confucian Chan formed by the Zen masters in Song Dynasty. The major discussion will focus on the examples of formation and application of the internal and external causes, and the definition on Confucian Chan will serve as a manifestation and Buddhist turning point in the exchange history of the three religions. |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 118
二、何謂儒禪 119
三、《禪林寶訓》的儒禪體現 121
(一)由實踐修行舉證——道德正心、真誠至道 121
(二)由禪林管理舉證——道德乃叢林之本 124
(三)由證悟舉證——湛堂文準禪師聞〈出師表〉開悟 126
四、儒禪形成的因緣 127
(一)宋代士大夫與理學家的闢佛 127
(二)宋代朝廷政策對禪林的影響 133
(三)禪師與士大夫的交涉 134
(四)佛教傳統具有儒禪的可能 137
（1）順俗化俗的教化傳統 137
（2）經典教義有如儒家之倫常教化 138
（3）禪宗的生活修行的轉變 141
（4）禪師們的生命經驗走向儒禪的可能 143
五、結論 145 |
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| ISSN | 10277730 (P) |
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| DOI | 10.6309/JORP.2017.06.80.117 |
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| Hits | 129 |
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| Created date | 2022.07.08 |
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| Modified date | 2022.07.22 |
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