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신란(親鸞) 정토사상의 몇 가지 특성: 「정신염불게(正信念佛偈)」를 중심으로=Characteristics of Shinran’s Thoughts on Pure Land Buddhism: Focused on “Hymn of True Shinjin and the Nembutsu”
Author 김호성 (著)=Kim, Ho-sung (au.)
Source 불교학보=佛教學報
Volumev.95 n.0
Date2021.06
Pages89 - 113
Publisher동국대학교 불교문화연구원=Institute for Buddhist Culture
Publisher Url https://abc.dongguk.edu/kbri/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 동국대학교 불교학부 교수
Keyword『무량수경』=Sukhāvatīvyūha; 『교행신증』; 「정신염불게」; 칠조=Seven Masters; 신란=Shinran; 존가쿠=Zengaku; 렌뇨=Renyo; The True Teaching; Practice and Realization of The Pure Land Way; Hymn of True Shinjin and the Nembutsu
Abstract이 글은 신란(親鸞)의 정토시 「정신염불게」(「정신게」로 약칭함)를 통해, 그의 정토사상의 핵심을 확인하고자 한다.
우선, 「정신게」는 『무량수경』과 7조(七祖) 찬탄에 초점이 있다. 이때의 ‘찬탄’에는 아미타불에 대한 칭명(稱名)과 동시에 보은(報恩)의 의미가 있음을 살펴보았다. 즉 「정신게」의 구성을 통해 신란의 불교가 ‘은(恩)의 불교’임을 재확인하였다.
다음, 내용적으로는 ‘신(信)의 불교’와 ‘즉(卽)의 불교’임에 주목하였다. 신란은 왕생의 정인(正因)으로 신심을 말하였다. 제17원과 제18원을 각기 행(⾏)과 신으로 파악하면서 하나로 결합하였다. 종래의 정토불교는 행(칭명)만을 말했는데, 행의 밑바탕에 신을 위치시킨 것은 신란의 독자성이라 볼 수 있다. 이러한 ‘신의 불교’가 신란 정토사상의 두 번째 특성이다.
둘째, 신란은 아미타불의 본원력, 즉 타력에 입각한 신심을 얻는 그 순간, 즉시(卽時)에 번뇌를 있는 그대로 안고서 열반을 얻게 된다고 말한다. 요컨대, 점교(漸教)의 불교가 아니라 돈교(頓教)의 불교라 할 수 있다. 신란이 현생에서 정정취(正定聚)를 얻을 수 있다고 한 점에서도 ‘즉의 불교’를 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 「정신게」를 통해서 본, 신란 정토사상의 세 번째 특성이다.

Shinran’s poem of Pure Land Buddhism, the “Hymn of True Shinjin and the Nembutsu” (Hymn), which is contained in his “The True Teaching, Practice, and Realization of the Pure Land Way” Vol. 2 (A Collection of Passages Revealing the True Practice of the Pure Land Way) has been recited as a ritual text in the Dharma-meeting of JŌDO SHINSHŪ (Shin Buddhism) from the 15th century until now. To understand the “Hymn” correctly is a direct path to understand Shinran’s thoughts on Pure Land Buddhism. This study clarifies the “Hymn” into two parts: structure and content. First, re-investigating predecessor’s understanding of the “Hymn,” this study presents a new viewpoint, to divide it into two parts: “whole praise” and “individual praise.” “Individual praise” is then further divided into two parts: “praise on Sukhāvatīvyūhasūtra” and “praise on seven Masters.” This is the viewpoint in which the “Hymn” itself is revealed as a category of praise. In his poem “Hymn of Great Compassion,” Shinran considers praise as repaying Amitābhā and seven masters’ compassion. Therefore, the “Hymn of True Shinjin and Nembutsu” can be considered a song of repaying compassion. Shinran Buddhism can be called “a Buddhism of repaying Buddha’s compassion.” Second, the contents of the “Hymn” contain two points, on the Shinjin (faith), and on the Sudden Attainment.
By combining the recitation in Amitābhā’s 17th vow and Shinjin (faith) in the 18th vow into one, Shinran imposed Shinjin (faith) under the recitation of Namo Amitābhā. Therefore, the recitation of “whole praise” can be understood to be the recitation of Namo Amitābhā with Shinjin (faith). If we think that Pure Land Buddhism always emphasizes the recitation of Namo Amitābhā, it can be argued that it is Shinran’s originality to impose Shinjin (faith) under the recitation of Namo Amitābhā. Therefore, the “Buddhism of Shinjin (faith)” is determined as the second characteristic of Shinran Buddhism.
Lastly, “Buddhism of Sudden (Attainment)” is naturally from the “Buddhism of Shinjin (Faith).” Because Shinjin (Faith) is from Amitābhā’s vow, especially the 18th vow, every being can reach Nirvana without extinguishing evil passions. This is the third characteristic of Shinran Buddhism.

Table of contentsⅠ. 머리말 91
Ⅱ. 구성에 대한 새로운 이해 92
Ⅲ. 내용을 통해본 신란의 독창성 98
Ⅳ. 맺음말 108
ISSN12261386 (P)
DOI10.18587/bh.2021.6.95.89
Hits599
Created date2022.08.08
Modified date2022.08.08



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