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中晚唐時期的彌勒信仰與社會關係=Maitreya Belief and Society in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty
Author 劉育辰 (著)=Liou, Yu-Chen (au.)
Date2021
Pages101
Publisher國立政治大學
Publisher Url https://www.nccu.edu.tw/
Location臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreemaster
Institution國立政治大學
Department宗教研究所
Advisor謝世維、林佩瑩
Publication year109
Keyword彌勒=Maitreya; 大輪金剛=Mahā-cakra-vajra; 密教=Esoteric Buddhism; 末法救度=Salvation; 中晚唐佛教=Buddhism in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty
Abstract佛教當中有過去、現在、未來的空間與時間觀念,在佛滅之後,積極
針對正法延續性,發展出彌勒信仰,不管是大乘佛教或是上座部佛教,彌勒都包含在內,成為佛陀授記的未來佛。彌勒信仰中有多種表示信仰的方式:上生信仰、下生信仰、轉輪聖王、菩薩信仰。分類的原因來自於彌勒在佛教當中具有多重角色,釋迦牟尼佛所授記的未來佛、轉輪聖王的形象,促使許多起義或政權需要以彌勒作為理由,來幫助著自己能夠有理由或正當性。除此之外,在彌勒為未來佛之前,彌勒以菩薩是以菩薩的身份,在兜率天說法。
唐代社會具有豐富多元的宗教,加上唐代是佛教興盛之時,佛教各宗派在當時各大展身手,百家齊鳴,彌勒信仰有不例外。本論文利用社會學理論-布赫迪厄(Pierre Bourdieu)的場域(fields)理論來討論中晚唐時期的宗教場域發展,以不同面向探討彌勒信仰興盛緣故,並觀察中晚唐時期宗教與社會關係以及宗教流行的關鍵原因。
在中晚唐時期,密教興盛於唐代社會,因為系統化的密教傳入,加上當時政權的支持,不管是佛教、道教、或是民間信仰都有受到密教的影響。密教與大乘佛教一同傳入中國,主要多以陀羅尼方式與佛教其他宗派或是民間信仰一同在中國社會存在,但等到中晚唐時期系統化的密教傳入,加上善無畏、金剛智、不空從印度學習,並到中國譯經、教法,密教廣為流行,也影響彌勒信仰形象、修行方法等,甚至密教經典《大妙金剛大甘露軍拏利焰鬘熾盛佛頂經》看到與彌勒末法救度形象相似,也是佛陀授記的金剛-大輪金剛。雖然密教沒有改變彌勒信仰核心,但是增添彌勒信仰的多樣性。
宗教、社會、信仰者三者關係緊密。宗教的流行除了社會關係之外,不可忽視信仰者的需求性。彌勒信仰因為多重身份,發展出不同的信仰,站在信仰者角度,去探討彌勒信仰所發展出不同型態、目的的信仰。綜合彌勒信仰、社會關係、信仰者來討論彌勒信仰核心末法救渡的概念。

A core concept of Buddhism is past, present, and future space and time. It actively focuses on the continuation of Dhamma and builds Maitreya belief after the Buddha's death. Whether it be Mahayana or Theravada Buddhism, Maitreya is mentioned as becoming Buddha in the future by Shakyamuni Buddha. Maitreya Belief has many interpretations, which can be considered in different categories, including. Previous Lives, Future Lives, Bodhisattva Belief, and Chakravartin.
The basis for this division is due to Maitreya’s numerous responsibilities in Buddhism. Many uprisings or governments have used the image of the coming Buddha and the Chakravartin taught by Buddha Shakyamuni as a rationale to assist their cause or legitimacy. It's also worth noting that Maitreya was a bodhisattva in Tuṣita before becoming the future Buddha.
Tang Dynasty had rich and diverse religions. In particular, Tang Dynasty was a time when Buddhism was flourishing. Buddhism sects showed their talents at that time. There were hundreds of schools of thought, and Maitreya belief was no exception. We utilize Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory of fields to explain the religious fields in the middle and late Tang Dynasties, and investigate the reason for the prosperity of the Maitreya Belief, and investigate the reasons for the prosperity of the Maitreya belief, the relationship between religion and society, and the popularity of religions in the middle and late Tang dynasties.
Esoteric Buddhism affected society in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Esoteric Buddhism influenced mainstream Buddhism, Taoism, and the belief imprinted in folks. Although Esoteric Buddhism did not change the core of Maitreya Belief, it added diversity to Maitreya Belief.
Religion, society, and believers are all intertwined. Religion's popularity, in addition to social ties, cannot neglect the requirements of believers. And for its various identities, the Maitreya Belief has implemented a number of beliefs. From the standpoint of the believer, we shall investigate the various sorts and purposes of the Maitreya Beliefs. We will consider interactions between Maitreya Beliefs, social interactions, and believers to address the central concept of Maitreya Belief: salvation.
Table of contents目 次
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究問題及其問題脈絡 1
第三節 研究方法 2
第四節 文獻回顧 4
第五節 章節介紹 14
第二章 中晚唐時期彌勒信仰發展16
第一節 彌勒信仰歷史發展 16
第二節 彌勒信仰形象變化 25
第三節 彌勒信仰儀式經典 29
第三章中晚唐後宗教與社會關係 36
第一節 唐代社會與佛教關係 36
第二節 中晚唐時期彌勒信仰發展變化 38
第三節 中晚唐社會影響彌勒信仰關係 45
第四章 中晚唐時期彌勒信仰的轉變 51
第一節 密教的介紹 51
第二節 彌勒信仰與密教關係 55
第三節 密教型態的彌勒信仰 65
第五章 末法救度概念 72
第一節 「末法救度眾生」概念的討論 72
第二節 彌勒信仰末法救度 76
第三節 信仰者與「末法救度眾生」觀念的討論 84
結論 91
參考文獻 93
Hits400
Created date2022.09.22
Modified date2023.01.16



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