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MBSR(Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction)의 개발과 불교의 영향=Buddhist Influences on Formation of MBSR (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction) |
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안양규 (著)=An, Yang Gyu (au.)
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| Source |
불교학보=佛教學報
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| Volume | v.58 n.0 |
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| Date | 2011.07 |
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| Pages | 267 - 297 |
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| Publisher | 동국대학교 불교문화연구원=Institute for Buddhist Culture |
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| Publisher Url |
https://abc.dongguk.edu/kbri/
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| Location | Korea [韓國] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 韓文=Korean |
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| Note | 저자정보: 동국대학교 경주캠퍼스 불교학부 교수. |
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| Keyword | 카밧진=Kabat-Zinn; MBSR=Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction; 비파사나=vipassana; Satipatthåna Sutta; Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction |
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| Abstract | 1979년 카밧진에 의해 개발된 MBSR (Mindfulness-Based Stres Reduction) 프로그램은 미국 내에서 병원을 포함한 200개가 넘는 건강관련센터에서 시행되고 있으며, 다른 국가에서도 널리 적용되기 시작하였다. MBSR의 탄생에는 다양한 측면에서 다양한 요인이 제시될 수 있다. 본고에선 MBSR의 개발을 불교적인 시각에서 찾아보고자 하였다. 어떠한 불교가 MBSR의 개발에 어떤 영향을 주었는지를 찾아보고자 하였다. 대학시절부터 카밧진은 선불교에만 매료된 것이 아니라, 남방불교 전통의 비파사나 명상도 수행하였다. 미국에서 비파사나를 체계적으로 가르치는 Insight Meditation Society에서 비파사나 명상 지도자와 교류하면서 명상 수행을 깊이 하였다. 불교 명상을 의학적인 프로그램에 도입할 수 있었던 것은 Insight Meditation Society에서 비파사나 명상을 수행한 것이 결정적인 요인이 되었다. MBSR이 대승불교의 선 수행과 초기불교의 비파사나 수행, 그리고 Krishnamurti의 명상관이 결합되어 있다는 것을 살펴보았다. 그 중에서도 MBSR의 중심에는 비파사나가 놓여 있는 것을 살펴보았다. MBSR의 보디스캔, 정좌 주시 명상, 하타요가 주시 명상과 같은 공식 명상과 걷기 주시명상, 호흡 주시명상, 건포도 먹기 주시명상과 같은 비공식 명상은 모두 비파사나 수행의 근거가 되는 불교 경전(Satipatthana Sutta)에 근거하고 있음을 확인하였다.
I discuss Buddhist influences on formation of MBSR (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction), focusing on Kabat-Zinn's personal encounters with Buddhism. In addition, I try to find out Buddhist elements in MBSR. The essence of MBSR was derived from Kabat-Zinn’ own practices with Buddhist schools in the States.
He is the individual most responsible for introducing mindfulness into mainstream medicine. While studying molecular biology at MIT, he maintained his curiosity for interdisciplinary or inter-thought style approaches regarding the nature of consciousness, and the nature of human beings. In Cambridge, Massachusetts during the mid-1960s he attended numerous lectures in the intellectual center during the course of his undergraduate and graduate studies; one was a talk on Zen Buddhism by Phillip Kapleau. He was fascinated by the Zen notion of paying attention to inner experience by quieting the mind, through first-person experience. Later, Kabat-Zinn practiced Zen Buddhism as a student of Zen Master Seung Sahn and was a founding member of the Cambridge Zen Center.
He also received much more Theravada influences. From 1974, he began sitting intensive retreats with Joseph Goldstein and Jack Kornfield, who were to form the Insight Meditation Society. Kabat-Zinn describes his fundamental practice as “a mix of Zen and vipassana elements... My basic practice has always been grounded in mindfulness of the breath, body, and mind, opening to what Krishnamurti called ‘choiceless awareness’ and the Zen people call ‘shikantaza’”. He qualifies this by explaining that what is “basically true” is “that MBSR is mostly vipassana practice (in the Theravada sense as taught by people like Joseph Goldstein and Jack Kornfield with a Zen attitude” It is, therefore, the Theravåda-IMS(Insight Meditation Society) teachers who seem to particularly inform Kabat-Zinn’s approach to mindfulness meditation, and his desire to innovate and support “new forms” for Dharma in the West.
The Satipatthåna Sutta provides one of the clearest means to understanding the practice of mindfulness in Theravåda Buddhism, which holds the sutta in high esteem.
The term satipatthåna chiefly refers to the process of observing body, feelings, mind, and dhammas. The practices in MBSR are based upon The Satipatthåna Sutta. The practices in MBSR fall into two main categories. i) Formal practice comprises three distinct exercises: the ‘body scan’, ‘sitting meditation’, hatha yoga. ii) Informal practice involves mindfully carrying out various everyday activities (e.g., walking, standing, and eating) with the aim being to cultivate a continuity of awareness in all activities in daily life.
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| Table of contents | I. 서두 269
II. MBSR 프로그램의 형성 배경과 불교의 영향 271
III. 사념처 수행과 MBSR 프로그램 283
V. 맺는 말 290
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| ISSN | 12261386 (P) |
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| Hits | 135 |
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| Created date | 2022.09.24 |
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| Modified date | 2022.09.24 |
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