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現代佛教寺院經營永續性之研究:以台灣佛教社會企業為探討中心=A Study on the Contemporary Buddhism Temples Management Sustainability:The Case of Buddhism Social Enterprise in Taiwan
Author 簡意濤 (著)=Chien, I-tao (au.)
Date2020
Pages131
Publisher華梵大學
Publisher Url https://www.hfu.edu.tw/
Location新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreedoctor
Institution華梵大學
Department東方人文思想研究所
Advisor黃俊威
Publication year108
Keyword非營利事業機構=non-profit institutions; 佛教社會企業=buddhist social enterprises; 永續經營=sustainable management; 寺院=temple; 佛教經濟=buddhist economics; 經營管理=management
Abstract今日的危機將帶來明日的轉機,寺院長期以來以香火、捐獻、依靠法事等較為保守被動的方式經營,但因當下經濟環境變遷、社會人口結構的改變,直接、間接影響了寺院的經營及存續。因此,佛寺若不調整其「營運模式」,經營上勢必將面對信徒流失,缺乏新血注入、財源收入不穩定、法脈傳承延續等種種危機。在這樣的立場下,寺院能否以「企業經營方式」來運作其經濟資源。現今公部門所積極推動的「社會創新企業」發展模式是否能提供寺院永續經營的方針。這些癥結都是本文「現代佛教寺院經營永續性之研究- 以佛教社會企業為探討中心」亟欲探索的方向。
因此,本研究企圖以佛教團體的立場,從佛教史的脈絡來反思佛寺經濟觀。進而探討當今教界與學界對寺院經營型態的論述、研究及作法。更進一步從法制面、組織面與執行面等不同的客觀面向來探討佛教寺院發展「佛教社會企業」的契機,以及解決在這過程中所遭遇到的困境。採用質性研究方法以現代佛教寺院經營永續性為研究主題,輔以佛教社會企業為中心的不同案例進行資料分析。並整合多位產、官、學及實務工作者的訪談,經整理與解析後,歸納出研究成果,與研究展望及建議,以期為寺院經營永續性之路提供有益的參考。
本文共分為七個章節,第一章交待本論文之研究動機與目的、研究範圍與方法,以及相關文獻的回顧與述評。在第二章將對原始佛教、大乘佛教及現代佛教之佛教經濟史演化作深入的探討。著重彙整過去研究佛教經濟的著作,作一借鏡省思,亦讓我們對這相傳有二千五百多年的佛教,有「信」、「解」、「行」、「證」豐富經驗的史實,重新再作一評估,可溫故知新,對今後寺廟經營管理與經濟的發展多一些深度的思考。第三章將延續前一章佛教經濟史之演化探討近代佛教寺院營運型態的進化進行更聚焦的探討,著眼於國民政府1949年播遷來台後佛寺於該時期社會所扮演的角色及其組織型態。伴隨著大環境的演變,於二十一世紀初期寺院又該如何藉由經營型態的轉變來重新思考其永續經營之道。第四章則是討論「佛教社會企業在做什麼?」透過個案研究,了解佛教社會企業的經營之道,並以社會資本的觀點,探討佛教社會企業如何透過資源整合的方式回應社會的需求,並創建個案的「營運模式」。而第五章是針對「佛教社會企業發展可行性」的主題,結合產、官、學、實務等多位專家學者進行深度訪談,並將此訪談資料進行整理與分析。綜觀前面各章節的資料彙整分析,第六章則從法令制度、組織發展及工作執行三個面向,進行寺院發展「佛教社會企業」以達經營永續性之目的實務經營作全面性探討。最後第七章便是本研究的結論與建議。

Crises today bring a turning point tomorrow. Temples have long operated more conservatively and passively, depending on offerings, donations, and rituals. However, the changes in the economy and demography have directly and indirectly affected the operation and sustainability of temples. If temples do not adjust their operating models, they will inevitably face crises such as loss of worshippers, lack of new members, financial income instability, and succession of traditions and heritage. How would temples adopt enterprise management to use their economic resources under these dilemmas? How would the development of social innovation and enterprises promoted by contemporary government agencies be adopted by temples as policies for sustainable operation? These main points are what this paper, ""The study of contemporary Buddhist temples' sustainability - Buddhist social enterprises as the main core of discussion"", wishes to explore.

This study attempts to reflect on Buddhist temples' economic outlook from the historical context of Buddhism from the perspective of Buddhist communities. Next, the study discusses the discourse, research, and practice of today's religion and academia communities regarding the operation of temples. Various objective aspects, such as law, organization, and implementation, are explored to the opportunities of developing ""Buddhist social enterprises"" for Buddhist temples and the solutions to difficulties encountered during the process. A qualitative research method is adopted to study the contemporary Buddhist temples' sustainability, and various case studies focusing on Buddhist social enterprises are used for data analysis. Interviews with several participants in the industry, government and academia, and practitioners in the domain are incorporated into the study. After compiling and analyzing the results, we summarize the conclusion, prospects, and recommendation and hope that they can become useful references for the sustainability of temples.

This article is divided into seven chapters. The first explains the motivation, purpose, scope, and method of the study, as well as the review and discussion of the relevant literature. The second chapter will conduct an in-depth discussion of the evolution of the Buddhist economic history of original Buddhism, Mahayana, and contemporary Buddhism. In the chapter, we summarize past works on Buddhist economics to be used as a reflection to allow us to again evaluate and understand the belief, solution, action, and proof of Buddhism which has been passed down for more than 2,500 years, and we can have more in-depth thinking about the future management and economic development of temples. The third chapter continues the discussion on the evolution of Buddhism's economic history in the previous chapter to further explore the evolution of contemporary Buddhist temples' operation, and it focuses on the role
Table of contents書名頁 I
論文口試審定書 II
謝誌 III
摘要 IV
Abstract V
目次 VII
第一章、緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 2
第二節 研究範圍與方法 3
第三節 文獻回顧與述評 4
第二章、佛教經濟史之演化 7
第一節 原始佛教時期 7
第二節 漢傳佛教時期 17
第三節 近代佛教經濟轉變 23
第三章、當代佛教寺院經營型態的進化 28
第一節 宗教非營利組織的現況 28
第二節 弘法事業的興起與發展 42
第三節 佛教與社會企業的關聯 54
第四章、「佛教社會企業」問題性之發現 71
第一節 個案研究之資料蒐集方式 72
第二節 個案之經營模式研究 73
第三節 資料分析 75
第五章、「佛教社會企業」發展性之探討 77
第一節 問題假設 80
第二節 訪談結果 82
第三節 資料分析 97
第六章、「佛教社會企業」永續之建議 102
第一節 佛教社會企業發展與困境 102
第二節 佛教社會企業的發展利基 106
第三節 佛教社會企業的發展趨勢 112
第七章 結論 119
第一節 研究成果 119
第二節 研究限制與未來展望 120
參考文獻 122
一、佛教藏經 122
二、專書 123
三、期刊、研討會論文 127
四、學位論文 130
五、網站 131
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Created date2022.09.29
Modified date2023.01.18



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