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單次正念訓練對耐力表現與執行功能之影響：事件關聯電位研究 |
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吳治翰 (著)=Wu, Chih-han (au.)
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| Date | 2021 |
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| Pages | 137 |
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| Publisher | 國立體育大學 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.ntsu.edu.tw/
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| Location | 桃園市, 臺灣 [Taoyuean shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Degree | doctor |
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| Institution | 國立體育大學 |
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| Department | 競技與教練科學研究所 |
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| Advisor | 張育愷 |
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| Publication year | 109 |
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| Keyword | 正念=mindfulness; 耐力表現=endurance performance; 抑制能力=inhibition ability; 事件關聯電位=even-related potential |
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| Abstract | 近年來，已有學者開始探討較有效率、且節省時間成本之單次正念訓練對運動員心理狀態、運動表現、以及執行功能之影響。但目前研究仍相當少數，且結果並未完全一致，另於認知神經科學領域上，尚未有研究觀察該訓練處方對運動員進行執行功能時，其大腦潛在神經電位之影響。因此，本文目的為探討單次正念訓練對運動表現、執行功能、以及事件關聯電位 (even-related potential, ERP) 之影響。且會進一步觀察執行功能是否可能扮演單次正念訓練促進運動表現之中介變項。本研究招募45位大專田徑運動員，並以組內設計、平衡次序法進行，正式實驗前會先給予運動員進行正念或放鬆訓練的基礎課程教學與介紹，同時以量表檢測運動員特質性水平。隨後運動員需到實驗室三次，分別進行三種介入情境：30分鐘正念訓練情境、30分鐘放鬆訓練情境、30分鐘控制情境。並在實驗過程中均會添加壓力設計，在三種介入情境前、後均會填寫運動相關心理狀態量表，以及介入後均會進行執行功能、事件關聯電位、以及運動表現之檢測。執行功能以叫色測驗 (Stroop test) 進行檢測，而運動表現則是以Bruce測驗檢測耐力表現。在統計分析上，本研究以重複量數單因子變異數分析觀察三種介入情境對耐力表現之運動耗竭時間與最大攝氧量之影響。此外，以重複量數二因子變異數分析觀察三種介入情境對運動相關心理狀態量表、Stroop測驗之反應時間與準確率、ERP的N2與P3振幅之影響。最後，採用四步驟法觀察執行功能是否為單次正念訓練促進耐力表現之潛在機制。結果顯示在運動相關心理狀態上，單次正念訓練情境後可顯著提升狀態正念水平，而正念與放鬆訓練情境後均可降低負面情緒。另在耐力表現上，正念訓練情境後之運動耗竭時間長於放鬆與控制情境。此外，在Stroop測驗之反應時間上，正念訓練情境快於放鬆與控制情境。最後，在ERP上，正念訓練情境後之P3振幅大於放鬆與控制情境。本文提出單次正念訓練對壓力下之狀態正念水平、負面情緒、耐力表現、執行功能、以及ERP均有顯著效益，意即運動員在單次正念訓練後有較多的注意力資源可投入至表現中。另在負面情緒之效益亦在單次放鬆訓練情境被發現。綜合上述，本研究建議未來運動教練在進行身體訓練前，或許可將單次正念訓練加入其處方內，進而使運動員在後續訓練時，較可將注意力投入應聚焦之處、甚至有較佳運動表現。
Recently, the effect of a more efficient brief mindfulness training on the mental state, sports performance, and executive function has been explored. However, there are still very few studies, and the results are inconsistent. In the field of cognitive neuroscience, there is no research to observe the impact of brain nerve potential following a brief mindfulness training in athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a brief mindfulness training on sports performance, executive function, and even-related potential (ERP). And further observed whether executive function was a mediating factor for a brief mindfulness training to improve sports performance. This study recruited 45 track and field athletes, using within-subject and counterbalance design. To introduce mindfulness or relaxation training to athletes and fill in the trait scale before the formal experiment. Afterwards, the athletes need to go to the laboratory three times for 30 minutes of mindfulness training condition, 30 minutes of relaxation training condition, and 30 minutes of control condition. In addition, stress situations were added during the experiment. The exercise-related mental state scales were filled out before and after the three intervention conditions, and the executive function, ERP, and sports performance were measured after the intervention. The executive function was measured by the Stroop Test, and the sports performance was based on endurance performance by the Bruce test. In statistical analysis, this study observed the effects of three interventional situations on endurance performance of exhaustion time and maximal oxygen uptake using the repeated measured one-way ANOVA. Using repeated measured two-way ANOVA to observe the effects of three interventional situations on the exercise-related mental state scales, the reaction time and accuracy of Stroop test, and the amplitude of N2 and P3 of ERP. Finally, use the four-step method to observe whether executive function is a potential mechanism for a brief mindfulness training to promote endurance performance. The results showed that in sports-related mental states, a brief mindfulness training can significantly increase the level of state mindfulness, while both mindfulness and relaxation training can reduce negative emotions. In terms of endurance performance, the exhaustion time after the mindfulness training was longer than the relaxation training and control. In addition, in the reaction time of the Stroop test, the mindfulness training was faster than the relaxation training and control. Finally, the P3 amplitude after the mindfulness training was greater than the relaxation training and control in the ERP. This study preliminarily establishes that a brief mindfulness training is beneficial to the state of mindfulness, negative emotions, endurance performance, executive function, and ERP under stress. The benefits of negative emotions are also found in a brief relaxation training. Based o |
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| Table of contents | 致謝 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 IV
目錄 VI
表 目 錄 VIII
圖 目 錄 IX
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 8
第三節 研究假設 9
第四節 名詞解釋 9
第貳章 文獻探討 11
第一節 正念概要 11
第二節 正念與運動表現 18
第三節 正念、執行功能、運動表現 30
第四節 正念與事件關聯電位 37
第五節 文獻總結 41
第參章 研究方法 44
第一節 實驗參與者 44
第二節 實驗設計 44
第三節 研究工具 45
第四節 介入情境之方式 49
第五節 執行功能檢測 50
第六節 ERP檢測 51
第七節 耐力表現檢測 51
第八節 實驗流程 52
第九節 資料處理與分析 54
第肆章 結果 55
第一節 參與者背景變項 55
第二節 單次正念訓練對心理狀態之影響 56
第三節 單次正念訓練對耐力表現之影響 65
第四節 單次正念訓練對執行功能之影響 67
第五節 單次正念訓練對ERP之影響 69
第六節 單次正念訓練對耐力表現之中介影響 72
第伍章 討論 73
第一節 單次正念訓練對心理狀態之影響 74
第二節 單次正念訓練對耐力表現之影響 79
第三節 單次正念訓練對執行功能之影響 81
第四節 單次正念訓練對ERP之影響 85
第五節 單次正念訓練對耐力表現之潛在機制 88
第六節 正念與傳統PST訓練 90
第七節 研究限制 92
第陸章 結論與建議 93
參考文獻 94
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| Hits | 572 |
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| Created date | 2022.09.29 |
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| Modified date | 2023.01.17 |
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