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《華嚴經問題》의教判=The Classification of the Five Teaching of the Hwaeomgyeong-Mundap
Author 張珍寧 (著)=Jang, Jin-young (au.)
Source 華嚴學報=Journal of Huayen Buddhism
Volumen.10
Date2018.04
Pages135 - 185
Publisher中華民國佛教華嚴學會
Publisher Url https://www.huayenworld.org/
Location新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Keyword華嚴經問答=Hwaeomgyeong-Mundap; 智儼=Zhiyan; 義湘=Uisang; 五種敎體=The Five Essentials of Teaching; 五敎判=The Classification of the Five Teachings; 漸敎=Gradual Teaching; 初敎=Elementary Teaching; 終敎=Final Teaching; 頓敎=Sudden Teaching; 圓敎=Perfect Teaching
Abstract최근 義湘의 강의록으로 밝혀진 華嚴經問答 에 분화된 형태의 五 敎判이 사용되고 있다. 그것은 智儼의 초기 저작인 搜玄記 에서 언급된 五種敎體를 五敎判으 로 설명한 것이다. 이런 유형의 적용사례를 찾아보기 쉽지 않다. 다만 智儼의 孔目章 에 이를 眞如 설명에 적용한 사례가 있어 이를 비교 검토하였다. 실제 五敎判의 분화된 모습은 漸敎門에서만 나타나고 있다. 먼저 初敎門에서 始門과 終門을 나눈 계기는 新譯經論의 眞如에 대한 이해에서 비롯된 것이다. 여기서 初敎는 본래 空義를 본질로 하는데, 始門에 新唯識을 소속시키고 있다. 新唯識에서 밝힌 依止[阿 賴耶識]가 眞識이 아닌 妄識이기 때문에 終敎에 속하지 못한 것이며, 그 밝힌 진여가 空義에 미치지 못하기 때문에 初敎 중에서도 始門에 속한 것으로 파악했다. 한편 終敎門에서 始門과 終門은 頓敎門과 함께 파악할 필요가 있다. 왜냐하면 그것이 維摩經 의 不二法門에 대한 慧遠의 說에 대한 3단계의 설명에 기인하기 때문이다. 여기서 終敎門과 頓敎門은 言(가설)과 黙(불가설)으로 구분된다. 이로써 頓敎의 교체도명확해지며, 頓敎의 위치도 三乘의 궁극의 지위를 차지하게 되었다. 義湘은 頓敎를 五敎判의 頓敎로 보았는데, 華嚴經問答 에서도 이를 따르고 있다. 다만 頓敎를 一乘圓敎보다 三乘의 終敎에 더 밀접하게 파악한 것으로 판단된다. 終敎門 내에서 始門과 終門의 구분은 舊唯識내에 眞食( 梨耶唯識) 과 妄識(意識唯識)의 전개방식에서 기인한 것으로 파악된다. 비록 終敎의 始門에 속한 妄識 은 如來藏眞食을 依止로 하기 때문에 初敎의 始門에 속하는 新唯識의 妄識과는 구분된다. 마지막으로 終敎부터 圓敎까지 표면상 그 敎體를 공유하고 있으므로 교체만으로는 敎判의 소속 여부를 구분할 수 없게 된다. 이에 終敎와 頓敎는 둘 다 無分別의 理의 입장에서 可說과 不可說의 여부에 따라 구분하게 되었고, 三乘(終敎‧頓敎)과 一乘(圓敎)과의 구분은 一乘에 대한 안목을 갖추었는지 여부로 판단해야 할 것이다.

The Classification of the Five Subdivided Teachings in the Huayan appears in the Hwaeomgyeong-Mundap, presumably a transcript of Uisang' lecture. It's overall sketch was at first presented in the course of explaining the Five Essentials of Teaching in the Suxuan-Ji earlier written by Zhiyan. The case of using the subdivided five teachings is rarely found in the other texts than Zhiyan's Kongmuzhang where Zhiyan introduces the those to explain the tathatā. I make a comparative study on the five teachings in Hwaeomgyeong-Mundap and Kongmuzhang. The details of the subdivided five teachings are elaborated in the Gradual Teaching. The division of the Beginning and the Ending seems to be the influences of the new translation of the Scriptures and related Canons, especially in terms of the understanding of tathatā. The essence of the teaching of the Beginning is the sūyatā but includes the Consciousness-only theory of the Dharmalakṣaṇa in the Beginning. It doesn't fall within the Final because of not relying on the true consciousness and dosen't go into the Ending of the Elementary Teaching because of revealing sūyatā. The Beginning and the Ending of the Final Teaching, and of the Sudden Teaching, adopts the explanation of three steps of the Speaking of Huiyuan about the Non-dual Dharma in the Vimalakīti Sutra. The Final Teaching and the Sudden Teaching are respectively divided into the Verbal and Non-verbal teaching, and Speakable and Non-speakable teaching, in which the Sudden Teaching takes place in the ultimate teaching of the Three Vehicle. This seems corresponding to the Sudden Teaching of the Five Teachings of Uisang. Only in the Hwaeomgyeong- Mundap, the Sudden Teaching is closer to the Final Teaching of the Three Vehicles rather than that of the Perfect Teaching of the One Vehicle. It seems that the types of the Beginning and the Ending in the Final Teaching was developed in relation to the division of the true consciousness and altered false consciousness. They share the meaning of non-sūyatā because both arise on the strength of tathāgatagarbha including the Old school of Consciousness-only in China. Only they individually divide the Beginning and the Ending of the Final Teaching due to the difference of the method of development. Finally it seem that it is impossible to divide each other throughout the Essential of Teaching from the Final Teaching to the Perfect Teaching. Therefore the viewpoint of dividing between of the Final Teaching and the Sudden Teachings discover from the view of the Verb on the Principle without differentiation and the classification between the Three Vehicle and the One Vehicle is due to whether getting the standpoint of One Vehicle or not.
ISSN22226685 (P)
Hits93
Created date2022.12.08
Modified date2022.12.08



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