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‘출가 즉 불효’라는 유교의 비판에 대비한 붓다의 견해=The Buddha's possible responses to Confucian criticism on monks for their having no respect for their parents
Author 안양규 (著)=An, Yang-gyu (au.)
Source 보조사상=普照思想=Journal of Bojo Jinul's Thought
Volumev.33 n.0
Date2010
Pages297 - 329
Publisher普照思想研究院
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 동국대학교 불교문화대학 교수
Keyword붓다=Buddha; 불효; 유교의 비판; 사문; 유교의 효; 초기불교; 출가는 불효; loving-kindness=慈悲; Buddhist filial piety; Confucius filial piety
Abstract교가 중국에 토착화하는 과정에서 가장 격심한 비판을 받아야 했던 부분이 바로 출가는 불효라는 것이었다. 출가는 불효라는 유교의 비판에 맞서 불교인들은 불교가 효를 가르치고 있다는 것을 다양한 방면으로 주장하였다. 효를 중심으로 중국에서 전개되었던 유교와 불교의 논쟁은 최근까지 다양한 연구 결과물이 발표되었다. 특히 효와 중국불교의 관계에 관한 연구가 다수 존재한다. 본고에선 역사적으로 중국에서 발생하였던 효와 관련한 유교와 불교의 논쟁을 인도의 초기불교라는 가상의 무대 위에 올려 살펴보고자 하였다. 효에 대한 붓다의 가르침을 초기경전을 중심으로 유교의 효를 논의하고자 하였다. 중국의 유교인들은 불교의 사문들은 출가하여 자손을 남기지 않으며, 부모를 모시지 않고, 삭발하는 등 중국 전래의 미풍양속을 훼손한다고 비난하였다. 이러한 비판에 대하여 인도의 초기불교에서 바라보면 어떠한 대답을 할 수 있을 것인가를 살펴보았다. 효에 붓다의 가르침은 일체중생에 대한 자비와 연결되어 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 윤회를 통하여 일체중생이 나의 부모가 될 수 있다. 이번 생애에 나를 낳아주고 길러주신 현생의 부모뿐만 아니라 과거 전생의 부모에 대한 효의 실천은 사실상 일체 중생에 대한 자비로 확대될 수 밖에 없는 것이다.

In Confucian ideals, filial piety (孝) is one of the virtues to be held above all else: a respect for the parents and ancestors. Filial piety is considered the first virtue in Chinese culture. When Buddhism in India was introduced to China, Buddhists faced Confucius criticisms on Buddhism for having no respect for parents. They disregarded Buddhism by criticising monks and nuns who left their parents. Buddhists had to defend themselves in many ways. A number of apocryphal texts were written that addressed the Buddhists' respect for his parents, and the parent-child relationship In this article I try to show the early Buddhist view of Confucius criticism on monks and nuns leaving home. I reconstruct early Buddhists' possible answers to accusations made by Confucius followers. Based upon the Book of Filial Piety(孝經), one of the important texts about filial piety in Confucianism, they blamed Buddhism as the teachings of barbarians or animals that did not have any respect for their parents who took good care of their offsprings. The first accusation that monks refuse to produce male heirs not by marrying will be answered by the theory of samsara. In the immeasurable cycles of death and rebirth, every beings in this world might have parents-son relationship. The second accusation that monks destroys their body by shaving would be addressed by the Jataka story which speaks of the bodhisatta who sacrifices himself to save his parents. The third accusation that monks do not take care of parents by leaving home will be addressed by the Sama Jataka: in the text the son, who heard the bad news about his parents and wanted to return to lay life to support his parents, came and consulted the Buddha who told him that he could support his parents with almsfood while being a monk. For Buddhists, Confucius filial piety was merely blind loyalty to one's parents. Buddhist filial piety was extended to loving-kindness(慈悲) for all the living sentient beings. For Buddhists, filial piety was a display of loving-kindness(慈悲) which was ideally applied in one's dealings with all elders, thus making it a general norm of intergenerational relations. While Confucius filial piety was usually reserved for one's own parents and grandparents, Buddhist filial piety goes beyond blood relations to include all the living beings in the world.
Table of contents1. 서언 300
2. 불교의 출가제도에 대한 유교의 비판 302
3. 유교의 효 사상에 대한 붓다의 입장 309
4. 맺는 말 323
ISSN12297968 (P)
DOIhttp://doi.org/10.22859/bojoss.2010.33..009
Hits71
Created date2023.02.13
Modified date2023.02.13



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