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從湘中「應教」一個歷史人類學研究看民間佛教=Examining Popular Buddhism from a Historical and Anthropological Study of 'Yingjiao' in Mid-Hunan |
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| Author |
譚偉倫 (著)=Tan, Wei-lun (au.)
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| Source |
玄奘佛學研究=Hsuan Chuang Journal of Buddhism Studies
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| Volume | n.38 |
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| Date | 2022.10.06 |
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| Pages | 1 - 38 |
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| Publisher | 玄奘大學 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://ird.hcu.edu.tw/front/bin/home.phtml
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| Location | 新竹市, 臺灣 [Hsinchu shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者爲香港中文大學、文化及宗教研究系教授 |
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| Keyword | 應教=Yingjiao; 梅山=Meishan; 民間佛教=Popular Buddhism; 湘中=Mid-Hunan |
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| Abstract | 研究民間佛教有一個很大的挑戰，因為「民間」的東西甚少見於經傳，正史欠奉，要重構其歷史，常有捉襟見肘的情況出現。本文利用筆者近年於湘中古稱梅山地區的田野課題，以當地「應教」為個案，嘗試為民間佛教中「儀式佛教」的歷史研究，提供一點亮光。太平興國二年（978）之時，梅山仍被稱作「蠻區」，為苗、瑤所居地，相對獨立，未完全受皇朝政府所控。遲至宋熙寧五年（1072），在佛教禪師的協助底下，方把梅山「開通」。本文論證，禪師們以法會而非禪法，協助同化「刀耕火種、摘山射獵」的土著，其後通過與道教和當地民間的「師教」融合成今天仍可見到的「應教」。
A major difficulty in studying Popular Buddhism, especially for a historical study, is the lack of historical documents. By definition, Popular Buddhism has more to do with common people than with the elites and hence it is rarely mentioned in official history or literal works of the elites. The case of Yingjiao, a liturgical form of Buddhism, in mid-Hunan is, perhaps, an exception. The area in mid-Hunan where we could find Yingjiao is known as Meishan. It was inhabited by native tribes of the Miao and the Yao. Meishan had remained relatively independent and was incorporated into the Chinese imperial empire only in the Song. It is believed that Chan Buddhism played an important role in sinicizing the native tribes of Meishan. This essay argues that the Chan monks in mid-Hunan had made use of Buddhist liturgies and dharma assembly (Fahui) to covert native tribes which later on developed into a popular form of liturgical Buddhism that came to be called ‘Yingjiao’. It is a popular form of Buddhism that assimilates elements of Daoism and local popular religion called Shijiao. This essay adopts an approach of historical anthropology to study the history of Yingiao which will throw light on the formation of Popular Buddhism not only in mid-Hunan but also, to some extent, Popular Buddhism in general. |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 3
二、「應教」之來龍去脈 5
三、改應爲禪 20
四、應教的儀式分析 23
五、綜合討論 26
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| ISSN | 18133649 (P) |
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| Hits | 168 |
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| Created date | 2023.03.13 |
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| Modified date | 2023.03.13 |
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