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형상과 다라니의 융합 : 고양 원각사 소장 기전(琪銓) 작 <관음보살도>=Fusing Image with Dhāraṇī - The Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Painting drawn by the Chosŏn-period monk painter Kijŏn at Wongaksa Temple in Koyang
Author 신광희 (著)=Shin, Kwang-hee (au.) ; 문상련 (著)=Moon, Sang-leun (au.)
Source 동아시아불교문화=Journal of Eastern-Asia Buddhism and Culture
Volumev.47 n.0
Date2021.09
Pages313 - 341
Publisher동아시아불교문화학회=The Association of Eastern-Asia Buddhism and Culture
Publisher Url http://www.easternasia.kr/
LocationBusan, Korea [釜山, 韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note신광희: 주저자. 중앙승가대학교 불교학연구원 연구교수
문상련: 교신저자. 중앙승가대학교 교수
Keyword관음보살도=Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Painting; 도상=Iconography; 다라니= dhāraṇī; 수룡기전=Suryong Kijŏn; 총지= ch’ongji
Abstract경기도 고양시 원각사에는 1880년에 화사 기전이 그린 <관음보살도>가 소장되어 있다. 기존에 알려지지 않았던 신출 불화로, 관음을 ‘도상’ 및 ‘범자 다라니’로 시각화한 이례적인 화면 구성을 지닌다. 본 논문은 이 그림이 조선시대 관음신앙과 시각화 경향을 잘 보여주며, 크게 세 가지 측면에서 중요성을 지니고 있음을 규명했다. 첫째, 기전의 역할이다. 기전은 화사인 동시에 ‘총지(揔持)’이기도 했다. 따라서 그는 원각사 소장 <관음보살도>를 제작하면서 도상뿐만 아니라 다라니도 서사했던 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 기전이 그린 관음보살도의 제작 동향을 구체적으로 파악하는데 중요한 그림임을 알 수 있었다. 기전은 해인사 <관음보살도>(1876)를 그리면서 관음 다라니를 불화 내부에 서사한 후, 원각사 소장 <관음보살도>(1880)에서 좀 더 완성도 있게 융합했다. 그리고 이후 범어사 <관음보살도>(1882)에서는 다라니는 생략하고 원각사본에 활용했던 관음 도상만을 차용했다. 기존에는 기전 작 관음보살도가 해인사본과 범어사본 두 점만 알려져 있었고 각기 화풍이 달라 개별적으로 서술되었는데, 원각사 소장 신출 <관음보살도>를 통해 세 작품 사이의 유기적 연관성을 알 수 있게 되었다. 셋째, 당시 관음신앙 및 진언집 간행의 성행과 연관이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 유사한 구성과 규모의 관음보살도, 그리고 1880년에 함께 그려진 <석가설법도> 및 <신중도>와 비교 분석해 본 결과, 원각사 소장본의 경우 승려들의 수행 공간 혹은 원당에 ‘원불화’로 봉안되어 예배와 지송 수행을 위한 용도로 활용되었을 가능성이 크다는 점을 확인했다.

At Wongaksa in Koyang, Kyŏnggi Province there exists the White-Robed Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Painting (1880). It is an excellent example of the Chosŏn-period trend in the belief in Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva and its visualization. The painting, which has only recently been discovered, is of great significance for three reasons. First is the role that the monk Kijŏn, one of the most important master painters during the late-19th century, played in it. Kijŏn was also a ch’ongji monk, meaning he was well-versed in Sanskrit dhāraṇīs. Second, the painting reveals the evolution of Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva paintings by this master monk-painter Kijŏn. After his attempt at incorporating dhāraṇīs into an earlier painting, the White-Robed Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Painting at Haeinsa, he achieved a fuller and more complete form in this one, fusing image and text more completely and organically. Later, in the White-Robed Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Painting at Pŏmŏsa, he omitted dhāraṇīs entirely, while borrowing only the image from the Wongaksa version. Since only the Haeinsa and Pŏmŏsa versions were known previously, and each had different styles, they were explained and described separately. With the discovery of the Wongaksa painting, the relationship between the three works can be clarified. Third, after we compared and contrasted paintings that include Sanskrit dhāraṇīs, among the Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva paintings, we found that there was a relationship between them, the popularity in the belief in Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva, and the active publication of books of dhāraṇī mantra collections during the late-Chosŏn period. Also, through a comparative analysis of this painting with other Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva paintings with a similar composition and size, as well as with the Preaching Śakyamuni Painting and the Divine Guardians of Dharma Painting, we suggest that the painting at Wongaksa was most likely enshrined in a space meant for monks’ spiritual practice or in a Dharma hall with a portrait or tablet of a deceased person, as an aid in praying for the repose of their spirit. Further, it would likely have been a painting used for services with sutra chanting and devoted practice. This Buddhist painting, only recently discovered, the White-Robed Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Painting at Wongaksa in Koyang has a unique composition, in which the Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva is visualized both through image and Sanskrit dhāraṇīs. Now it will continue to be a work of great value in the study of Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva paintings, and, further, the study of Korean Buddhist painting and monk-painters.
Table of contentsⅠ. 서론 316

Ⅱ. 『삼국유사』 읽기를 둘러싼 몇 가지 고민 317

Ⅲ. 『삼국유사』의 사료 선정과 채록방식 322

Ⅳ. 『삼국유사』 서술방식의 원형으로서 초기 대승경전 330

Ⅴ. 결론에 대신하여 338
ISSN27140938 (P); 27140946 (E)
DOI 10.21718/EABC.2021.47.11
Hits48
Created date2023.06.22
Modified date2023.06.22



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