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조선의 승과, 선시(選試) 혁파에 대한 고찰=A Study on the Abolition of the Triennial Examination under the Examination for Buddhist Monks during the Joseon Period |
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문상련 (著)=Moon, Sang-leun (au.)
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동아시아불교문화=Journal of Eastern-Asia Buddhism and Culture
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| Volume | v.39 n.0 |
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| Date | 2019.09 |
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| Pages | 51 - 79 |
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| Publisher | 동아시아불교문화학회=The Association of Eastern-Asia Buddhism and Culture |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.easternasia.kr/
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| Location | Busan, Korea [釜山, 韓國] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 韓文=Korean |
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| Note | 저자정보: 중앙승가대학교 불교학부 교수
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| Keyword | 양종=兩宗=two denomination; 도첩=度牒; 선과=禪科; 선시=選試; 승과=僧科; Monastic Identity Tag; triennial examination; examination for Buddhist monks, |
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| Abstract | 본 논문에서는 세조 이후, 중종 대에 이르기까지 진행된 선시(選試)의 혁파 과정을 고찰하였다. 세조 7년 시행된 금방조건(禁防條件)에 반해 예종 1년에 시행된 금승조건(禁僧條件)은 선시 혁파의 시발점이었다. 이후 성종 23년에는 금승절목(禁僧節目)에 의거해 도첩 발급을 정지했으며, 동년 7월에 편찬된 『대전속록』에서 ‘도승(度僧)’ 조가 폐기되었다. 그리고 연산군 10년에는 양종도회소(兩宗都會所)가 폐기되었으며, 중종 7년경에 이르러 양종이 혁파되었다. 한편 중종 4년에 도승(度僧)의 법이 혁파되어, 비록 선시(選試)와 도첩제는 존재했으나 시행되지 못한 상태였다. 이에 중종 11년 4월에는 선왕과 선후(先后)를 위한 기신재(忌晨齋) 때 승(僧)이 없어 여러 절의 승을 초청해 겨우 재를 베푸는 상황이었다. 이후 같은 해 8월에는 기신재마저 혁파되어, 더 이상 도승(度僧)의 필요성이 존재할 수 없는 상황이 되었다. 그리고 같은 해 12월에 『경국대전』 중 「도승」 조가 삭제되어 선시(選試)가 존립할 수 있는 근거가 사라지게 되었다. 중종 후반에는 승인호패(僧人號牌)의 발급을 통해 또 다른 형태의 도첩제가 시행되었지만, 이것은 『경국대전』에 따른 시재행(試才行)과 정전(丁錢) 납부를 통한 도첩 발급, 그리고 시경(試經)을 통한 승직자 선출이라는, 선시(選試)의 규범을 벗어난 예였음을 서술하였다.
This study traced the process of abolishing the triennial examination from King Sejo through King Yejong to King Chungchong. Unlike the measure to become a monk introduced in the seventh year of King Sejo's reign, the measure to forbid becoming a monk introduced in the first year of King Yejong's reign was the starting point in the abolition of the triennial examination. In the 23rd year of King Seongjong's reign, the issue of an identity tag was suspended based on the example items to forbid becoming a monk. The item of entering the monastic life was deleted from Taezonsokrok published in July of the same year. In the tenth year of King Yeonsahn's reign, the council of two denominations was abolished. In the seventh year of King Chungchong's reign, the two denominations were abolished. In the fourth year of King Chungchong's reign, the law on entering the monastic life was abolished with the triennial examination and the monastic identity tag system not in effect. In April in the 11th year of King Chungchong's reign, there were no monks available for Gishin-jae(ancestor worship ceremony) for previous kings and queens. They had to invite monks from several Buddhist temples to hold the ancestor worship ceremony. In August of the same year, even Gishin-jae was abolished, which meant there was no more need to enter the monastic life. In December of the same year, the item of entering the monastic life was abolished from Gyunggukdaejeon, which removed even the ground for the existence of the triennial examination. In the latter part of King Chungchong's reign, a different form of monastic identity tag system came into effect through the issuance of a monastic identity tag, but it was an exception from the principles of the triennial examination including the talent test based on Gyunggukdaejeon, issue of a monastic identity tag according to paid money for the compensation of forced military duties, and election of officials of the monks based on the sutra test. |
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| Table of contents | Ⅰ. 서론 52
Ⅱ. 선시 혁파와 『대전속록』 도승조 폐기 53
Ⅲ. 양종도회소 폐기와 『경국대전』 「도승」 조 삭제 66
Ⅳ. 승인호패법, 또 다른 형태의 도첩제 실시 73
Ⅴ. 결론 75
참고문헌 77 |
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| ISSN | 27140938 (P); 27140946 (E) |
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| DOI | 10.21718/EABC.2019.39.03 |
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| Hits | 46 |
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| Created date | 2023.06.25 |
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| Modified date | 2023.06.25 |
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