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敦煌壁畫中的蜀葵：從藥用到禮佛=Hollyhock in Dunhuang Murals:From Medicine to Flower Offerings for the Buddha |
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| Author |
岳亞斌 (著)=Yue, Ya-bin (au.)
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張田芳 (著)=Zhang, Tian-fang (au.)
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| Source |
敦煌研究=Dunhuang Research
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| Volume | n.2 (總號=n.198) |
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| Date | 2023 |
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| Pages | 1 - 10 |
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| Publisher | 敦煌研究編輯部 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.dha.ac.cn/
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| Location | 蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 岳亞斌，西北師範大學 美術學院。
張田芳，敦煌研究院 敦煌文獻研究所。 |
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| Keyword | 蜀葵=hollyhock; 敦煌壁畫=Dunhuang wall paintings; 禮佛=worshipping Buddha |
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| Abstract | 蜀葵是人們日常生活中最為常見的花卉之一，唐初始見於敦煌及周邊石窟壁畫，晚唐以後頻繁地出現於敦煌莫高窟和吐魯番地區的石窟壁畫中，多見於菩薩、藥師佛以及供養人的手中或盤中。表現手法各有千秋，或工或略，或寫實或寫意，取決於畫工的審美意趣及對繪畫技法的掌握程度。蜀葵入於石窟，不惟其花本身之高大、筆直、花色嬌豔，更重要的因素在於蜀葵本身的藥用功能。尤其是永徽四年，蜀葵用於治療早期天花，療效甚好，故而被賦予復生與禳災之意蘊。同時，密教文獻中也多次提到建壇城時用蜀葵擦拭，盡顯其藥用功能。因此蜀葵由藥用而成為禮佛的供品，是石窟壁畫的一種稀見現象，應引起關注。
In the history of Buddhism in the northwest regions of China, hollyhock flowers first appeared in the cave murals of Dunhuang and the surrounding areas before appearing frequently in the murals of the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang and the cave temples in Turfan beginning in the Late Tang dynasty. The flowers were either held in the hands of bodhisattvas, the medicine Buddha or donors, or were placed on plates. Many different artistic styles were used to depict hollyhocks—sometimes elaborately or in simple sketches realistically or in a more freehand rendering—which seems to have depended on the aesthetic interests of the individual painters and their mastery of painting techniques. Hollyhock became popular in cave murals not only because its shape and beautiful colors fit well with other elements of Buddhist art, but also because it was known to possess medicinal properties. Especially after the fourth year of the Yonghui era（653 CE） when hollyhock was used effectively to treat smallpox, the flowers became endowed with connotations of resurrection and the avoidance of calamity. In addition, hollyhocks are also mentioned frequently in Esoteric Buddhist scriptures as being used to wipe or scrub surfaces clean, especially when creating a Mandala, which further cements the association between hollyhocks and health and cleanliness. It can be concluded for the above reasons that hollyhock flowers became popular offerings to the Buddha because of its connection to health and healing; the inclusion of these flowers in Dunhuang cave murals following a period of calamity in the region is also worthy of careful attention. |
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| Table of contents | 一、問題的提出 2
二、蜀葵在敦煌石窟中出現其定性 2
三、蜀葵的藥用性與畫面的內在聯繫 5
四、蜀葵之藥用功能及其與禮佛關係蠡測 7
結論 9 |
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| ISSN | 10004106 (P) |
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| DOI | 10.13584/j.cnki.issn1000-4106.2023.02.006 |
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| Hits | 22 |
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| Created date | 2023.06.29 |
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| Modified date | 2023.08.02 |
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