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초기불교 교단의 食에 대하여=Studies on Eating of Buddhist community of the Early Buddhism
Author 신상현 (著)=Shin, Sung-hyun (au.)
Source 인도철학=印度哲學=Korean Journal of Indian Philosophy
Volumen.31
Date2011
Pages27 - 50
Publisher印度哲學會
Publisher Url http://krindology.com/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 동국대학교 불교학부 교수
Keyword음식; 걸식; 발우= balwu; 청식; 공양처; vinaya pitaka; buddhist food
Abstract본 글은 초기불교승단의 비구 비구니의 음식과 관련된 사건과 내용을 통하여 그것이 담고 있는 의미를 파악하고자 함이다. 초기불교 승가의 의식주 일상생활 있어 음식이 가지는 의미는 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 비구와 비구니는 걸식을 통하여 음식을 얻었다. 재가신자가 보시하는 음식을 하루 한번 오전 중에 걸식하여 먹는 것을 원칙으로 하였다. 비구, 비구니가 걸식을 할 때에는 반드시 발우를 지니고 있다가 재가신자가 보시하는 음식물을 받아야 한다. 따라서 비구와 비구니는 구족계를 수지할 때 화상으로부터 받은 하나의 발우를 소지하게 되어 있다. 또한 비구, 비구니는 걸식뿐만 아니라, 재가신자가 청하는 請食을 통하여 음식을 먹을 수도 있었다. 請食은 재가신자가 집에 음식을 준비하고 출가자를 초청하여 공양을 대접하는 것을 말한다. 비구 비구니는 한 끼를 보시하는 공양처에서도 음식을 얻어서 먹었다. 이와 같이 불교승단이 발전하면서 음식에 관한 규정에 많은 변화가 나타나지만 그 근본정신은 변함없다고 생각한다. 비구 비구니의 청정과 위의 그리고 승단이 화합이라는 전제가 된다면 그들의 복지와 안녕을 위하여 계율 조목의 개정은 어려운 일은 아니었다.

Eating food is an important act to both Buddhist believers and Buddhist monks because it is the act of survival itself. Because of this significance, food issues related to Buddhist monks are mentioned in Vinaya Pitaka in detail. These explain dignity and purity of Buddhist monks and nuns. Buddhist monks are not allowed to make profits or to do physical labor to earning something to eat. Buddhist monks must depend on Buddhist believers who provide food for free or invite Buddhist monks or nuns. Food is acquired from relationship with Buddhist believers. Receiving food from believers is a chance for Buddhist monks or nuns to provide believers with Buddha's teachings on truth. Because of this relationship, monks and nuns are not allowed to cook themselves or even pick fruits from the tree. Buddhist monks use a bowl called “balwu” when they eat food. Buddhists monks or nun put every food received from Buddhist believers in that bowl and never complaint about food and satisfied with it. However, these principles on food must change according to various climates, social conditions because the Buddhism body has developed. Buddha was not hesitate to change or amend these rules if it is necessary. Buddha considered his disciples first and did not want to lead his followers to the road of celibacy. Buddha explains on the reason of rules. He said those are for leadership for and harmony with people. The ideal Buddhist practice is to acquire spiritual enlightenment through simple and pure life and harmony with the Buddhist body. As time changed and the Buddhist body has developed, rules on food changed. But its major spirit does not change, which are harmony of simple and pure life with Buddhist body. Eventually the act of acquiring food makes Buddhist monks and nuns achieve the supreme enlightenment.
Table of contentsI 들어가는 말. 27
II 걸식과 그 조건. 29
III 발우의 사용. 34
IV 음식을 먹는 방법. 40
V 나오는 말. 45
ISSN12263230 (P)
Hits35
Created date2023.09.30
Modified date2023.09.30



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