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브리하다란야카 우파니샤드에 나타난 브라흐마바디니(Brahmavādinī)에 대한 고찰=An Examination of ‘Brahmavādinī’ in the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad
Author 성청환 (著)=Sung, Chung-whan (au.)
Source 인도철학=印度哲學=Korean Journal of Indian Philosophy
Volumen.33
Date2011
Pages31 - 58
Publisher印度哲學會
Publisher Url http://krindology.com/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 동국대학교 불교대학 강사.
Keyword브리하다란야카 우파니샤드=bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad brahmavAdinI; 브라흐마바디니; 가르기 바짜크나비=gArgI vAcaknavI; 마이트레이= maitreyI; 야즈냐발키야; yAjNAvalkya
Abstract공식적인 철학 논쟁의 경연장인 BĀU의 세 번째 칸타에서는 산스크리트 문헌에서 최초이자 유일한 여성철학자라고 불리는 가르기 바짜크나비가 등장하고, 네 번째 칸타에서는 ‘브라흐마바디니’라고 직접 지칭되고 있는 마이트레이가 등장한다. 마이트레이는 야즈냐발키야의 배우자로서 사적인 대화에서 최고의 지식을 추구하며 ‘불멸’을 염원하는 모습으로 그려진다. 가르기는 철학적 토론의 경연장에서 대론의 상대자로서 야즈냐발키야에게 형식적으로는 새로운 요소를 도입하기도 하며, 내용적으로는 가장 핵심적인 주제와 관련된 질문을 한다. 그리고 야즈냐발키야의 지적 우월성을 공식적으로 선포할 수 있을 정도의 권위와 자격을 갖추었다. 브라흐마바디니로서 이들의 모습은 남성 중심의 브라만 사유 전통에서 이상적 여성의 모습으로 그려지고 있는 배우자 내지 종속적 의미의 동반자로서의 여성의 이미지와는 상반된다. 이들은 각각 공적인 영역과 사적인 영역에서 철학적 지식을 학습한 여성이 행위의 독립된 주체로서 사유하고 활동할 수 있음을 증명한다.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning and implications of the term ‘brahmavādinī’ in the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad (BĀU). The term identifies a female student and scholar who can study the Vedas and discuss Vedic knowledge. By extension it implies that a female can exert independent agency as long as she is identified as a brahmavādinī. On one hand, an archetypical female in the male‐dominated Brahmanical tradition is a consort who is always guided and protected by a male leader; during childhood she is protected by her father, in marriage by her husband, and in old age or widowhood by her son. From that perspective, the most important virtue for females is strīdharma, ‘the duty of women.’ On the other hand, in the BĀU Gārgī Vācaknavī and Maitreyī are represented as independent women. In the fourth kāṇda of the BĀU, Maitreyī, wife of Yājñāvalkya, is identified as brahmavādinī, in contrast with Yājñāvalkya’s other wife, Kātyāyanī, who only possesses knowledge on traditionally female matters (strīprajñaiva). Maitreyī wants to achieve immortality instead of material richness, and she begs the knowledge to achieve her goal of her husband . In this private discourse Maitreyī, while a wife, demonstrates her philosophical prowess and independent agency in her quest for the knowledge that leads to immortality. In the third kāṇda of the BĀU, Gārgī is described as a participant in public philosophical discourse (brahmodya) in which she excels; she makes the most astute inquires of Yājñāvalkya and respects his responses, finally declaring that Yājñāvalkya is the brahmiṣṭha—the most excellent Brahman, in possession of the greatest brahmanical knowledge. In other words, she is not just one participant but is the most powerful independent debater in brahmodya even surpassing other male participants. Consequently, the independent female agency of Gārgī and Maitreyī differs in aspect from the ideal female feature in brahmanical tradition, constructed out of necessity in the context of a male‐dominated society, and according to the needs of each period.
Table of contentsI. 서론 31
II. 브라만 전통의 이상적 여성상 33
III. 배우자로서의 Brahmanvādinī 37
IV. Brahmodya에서 토론자로서의 Brahmavādinī 42
V. 결론 53
ISSN12263230 (P)
Hits88
Created date2023.10.12
Modified date2023.10.12



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