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From Temples to Teahouses: Exploring the Evolution of Lay Buddhism in Post-Mao China=從寺院到茶館：中國改革開放以來佛教居士群體復興的研究 |
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| Author |
Fisher, Gareth (著)
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| Source |
Review of Religion and Chinese Society
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| Volume | v.7 n.1 Special Issue |
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| Date | 2020.05 |
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| Pages | 34 - 61 |
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| Publisher | Brill |
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| Publisher Url |
https://brill.com/
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| Location | Leiden, the Netherlands [萊登, 荷蘭] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Note | Special Issue: Chinese Buddhism from Holmes Welch to the Present edited by Gareth Fisher |
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| Keyword | Buddhism; China; laypersons; revival |
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| Abstract | This article presents an overview of the nature of lay Buddhist revival in post-Mao China. After defining the category of lay practitioner, it outlines key events in the revival of lay Buddhism following the end of the Cultural Revolution. Following this, it describes three main aspects of the revival: the grassroots-organized formation of communities of lay Buddhists that gather at temples either to share and discuss the moral teachings of Buddhist-themed media or to engage in devotional activities; devotional and pedagogical activities organized for lay practitioners by monastic and lay leaders at temples and lay practitioners’ groves; and, more recently, the emergence of private spaces for specific practices such as meditation, the appreciation of Buddhist art and culture, and the discussion of teachings from specific Buddhist masters. The article concludes that while government-authorized temples continue to be active spaces for lay practitioners interested in Dharma instruction from monastics, regular devotional activities, and opportunities to earn merit and gain self-fulfillment through volunteerism, greater state restrictions on spontaneous lay-organized practices in temple space are increasingly leading lay practitioners to organize activities in private or semi-private spaces. The introduction of social media has facilitated the growth of Buddhist-related practices for laypersons in nontemple spaces.
本文概述了中國改革開放以來佛教居士群體復興及發展的本質及特徵。在對中國佛教居士的類別作出明確定義後，本文著重列舉了文革後象徵居士群體復興的標誌性事件。繼而，文章闡述了佛教居士群體發展的三個特徵︰其一，在寺院場所內，草根階級的居士會組織兩類群體活動，即圍繞寺院內免費提供的佛教印刷材料的品德教育討論或靈修；其二，在寺院或居士林，出家師父和居士領導者會為居士們組織靈修和說法等相關活動；其三，此類情況特別是近期才出現，即在私人領地舉辦的一系列特定活動，如禪修，欣賞佛教藝術及文化，以及針對某位特定法師佛學論著的討論。文章總結道，雖然在政府批准的合法宗教活動場所內，依舊有向居士開放的一系列能夠幫助居士更好地瞭解佛法教義的開示、靈修，以及幫助居士積功德的義工機會等，但因政府對寺院內居士群體活動與日俱增的管控，致使居士們轉而在私人或半私有地方組織的活動越來越多。再者，社交媒體的出現和迅猛發展也為居士組織寺院外的居士活動提供了便利。 |
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| ISSN | 22143947 (P); 22143955 (E) |
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| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1163/22143955-00701003 |
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| Hits | 79 |
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| Created date | 2024.01.30 |
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| Modified date | 2024.01.30 |
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