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Tsongkhapa's Coordination of Sutra and Tantra on the Great Matter of Death |
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| Author |
Arnold, Edward Allen (著)
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| Source |
International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Culture=국제불교문화사상사학회
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| Volume | v.33 n.2 |
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| Date | 2023.12 |
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| Pages | 99 - 135 |
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| Publisher | International Association for Buddhist Thought and Culture |
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| Publisher Url |
http://iabtc.org/
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| Location | Seoul, Korea [首爾, 韓國] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Note | Author Affiliation: Fairfield University, USA |
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| Keyword | Tsongkapa; Tibetan Buddhism; Tantra; Yamāntaka; Deity Yoga |
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| Abstract | This article presents a brief biography of Lama Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), focused on his brush with death six years before he died, as an entry point for an investigation into how his writings and teachings relate to the topic of death from different perspectives. The article presents one perspective, based in the exoteric, sutra literature, that relates to Tsongkhapa’s famed exposition of the stages of the path to enlightenment (lam rim), and one perspective, based in the esoteric, tantric literature, that relates to Tsongkhapa’s extensive writings on unexcelled yoga tantra,1 particularly in relation to Yamāntaka, the slayer of death. This figure, the wrathful emanation of Mañjuśrī appearing as Yama, the lord of death, was a primary practice of Tsongkhapa’s from youth and was practiced assiduously by his disciples in order to avert his death when severe illness struck as foretold many years earlier. The thread of the article is the coordination of sutra and tantra practices as Tsongkhapa presents them in terms of lam rim and unexcelled yoga, respectively.
The article discusses death in the context of both perspectives, presenting in much greater detail the understanding of mind and body in terms of unexcelled yoga, which would be unfamiliar to many readers. It explains how ordinary appearances are regarded as problematic from a tantric perspective and the ways in which Yamāntaka practice presents ordinary appearances in relation to death. Particular attention is given to the subject of deity yoga, the crux of tantric practice according to Tsongkhapa. The article then considers the role of the lama in different guises along the sutra-tantra path as presented by Tsongkhapa, with an emphasis on the relationships between lama and disciples, and finally returns to the events around Tsongkhapa’s brush with death to illustrate the relevance of these topics to death. |
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| Table of contents | Abstract 100
Introduction 101
Tsongkhapa’s Biography in Brief 102
The Historical Context for Tsongkhapa’s Coordination of Sutra and Tantra 105
Body-Mind Constituents in Sutra and Tantra 108
Death in Tsongkhapa’s Coordination of Sutra and Tantra 111
Death in Lam rim 112
Death in Unexcelled Yoga Tantra 114
Deity Yoga, Causality, and the Nature of Appearances 117
Transcending Death and Obstructions with Wisdom in Yamāntaka Practice 120
The Lama in Sutra and Tantra 123
Conclusion: Lama Tsongkhapa’s Brush with Death Reconsidered 125
References 133 |
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| ISSN | 15987914 (P) |
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| DOI | 10.16893/IJBTC.2023.06.33.2.99 |
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| Hits | 5 |
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| Created date | 2024.04.04 |
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| Modified date | 2024.04.04 |
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