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反思「參與觀察」在臺灣漢人宗教田野的運用：一個女性佛教研究者的觀點=Rethinking "Participant Observation" in the Field of Han People's Religious in Taiwan: A Feminist Buddhist Researcher's Point of View |
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| Author |
陳美華 (著)=Chen, Mei-hua (au.)
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| Source |
中央研究院民族學研究所集刊=Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology Academia Sinica
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| Volume | v.88 Autumn |
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| Date | 1999 |
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| Pages | 335 - 367 |
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| Publisher | 中央研究院民族學研究所 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.ioe.sinica.edu.tw/english
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| Location | 臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | Author Affiliation: Temple University, USA. |
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| Keyword | 參與觀察=Participant observation; 漢人宗教=Religions of han people; 主觀的／客觀的=Subjective/objective; 局內（人）／局外（人）=Inside, Insider/Outside, Outsider |
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| Abstract | 1997年7月我回臺蒐集博士論文素材之後幾個月內，接連發生了一些對話和質詢， 環繞著這些話題，引發我對所謂學術客觀性的反省，特別因為我具有宗教信仰者和學術 研究者雙重身份，不少的臺灣學術界人士認為，在研究起始點上，我就已經帶有「信仰」 的主觀色彩，那麼我的研究成果怎麼可能客觀呢﹖而我的一位研究對象--比丘尼-- 則認為我不是比丘尼，又怎麼能夠做比丘尼的研究﹖在此兩邊皆不是的夾縫中，我首先 面對在臺灣人類學界已存的「參與觀察」田野方法概念，並對之做一認知的釐清。由此 也引發我對「局內人(圈內人或自己人)」，以及「局外人(圈外人或他人)」的討論。其 間，學術的主、客觀性也是思索的線軸。接著，再將「參與觀察」放到臺灣漢人宗教研 究的脈絡裡來檢視和探索。並根據我個人的經驗，提出「回顧式的參與觀察」最後，將 「參與觀察」放在後殖民的語境中討論，並提出人文社會學門難道非得以科學客覯性的標 準和特色，為其標準和特色，而沒有自己的客觀性﹖來總結全文。
This paper deals with conversations and debates that took place several months after I went back to Taiwa to collect data for my dissertation in July, 1997. These conversations stimulated my refection on academic objectivity. Given my roles as both academic researcher and religious believer, some scholars in Taiwan asked how I could do objective research, since I subjectively embrace a certain religious belief to begin with. At the same time, the very subjects of my research, Buddhist nuns, wondered how, since I am not a nun, I could do research about Buddhist nuns. I stood in-between and attempted to think through the epistemological and methodological implications of these various questions. In this paper I first address the anthropological method of participant observation advocated by the anthropological academy of Taiwan and try to clarify some epistemological questions regarding that method. This will give shape to a discussion of the issues of outsider/insider and self/ other, and specifically in this case how these basic issues relate to the problem of academic objectivity versus academic subjectivity. Later in the essay, I examine the participant observation method in the context of study of Han religions in Taiwan. Based upon my own experiences, I suggest a "retrospective participant observation" method. Finally, I put participant observation in a post-colonial context to discuss the problematic consequences of the social sciences borrowing their standards of objectivity from natural science, instead of working out their own standards of investigative objectivity. |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 336
二、有關「學術客觀性」的對話與反思 336
三、「參與觀察」概念在台灣 341
四、個人的經驗 353
五、開放的結論 355
參考書目 362 |
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| ISSN | 00013935 (P) |
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| Hits | 12 |
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| Created date | 2024.07.11 |
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| Modified date | 2024.07.17 |
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