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淨人考 ──以漢譯佛教律典為基本資料=A study of “proper bondmen” ( jingren 淨人) --based on the Chinese translation of Buddhist Vinaya texts |
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| Author |
屈大成
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| Source |
圓光佛學學報=Yuan Kuang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.44 |
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| Date | 2024.12 |
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| Pages | 1 - 64 |
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| Publisher | 圓光佛學研究所=Yuan Kuang Buddhist College |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.ykbi.edu.tw/
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| Location | 桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Keyword | 淨人=proper bondmen; 園民=monastery attendants; 佛教僧團=Buddhist Saṃgha; 漢譯律典=Chinese translation of Buddhist Vinaya texts; 巴利律=Pāli Vinaya |
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| Abstract | 佛弟子出家修行，致力離苦得樂，而在衣食住行等日常生活各方面，在在需俗人協助，淨人是律藏中常見的一種，向受中外學者的注意。不過，之前的研究，多聚焦於其協助處理財寶。本文通盤檢視漢譯律典關涉淨人的記載，並以《巴利律》相對應段落作參考，指出淨人來自布施、借用、抵債，或原是比丘或奴婢，有男有女，人數頗多，住在寺中或附近聚落，幫忙除草掘地、處理金銀財物，為蔬果作淨、代受食和煮食、區隔僧眾與女性，亦對僧團綱紀的維持，施以援手，避免惹起傷物殺生、不作福田、與女性曖昧等違犯或世俗譏嫌，令僧眾出遊傳法和生活日常，更便利無疵。但也有淨人質素欠佳，會偷盜僧財、騷擾靜修，以至霸佔寺院等。本文最後亦指出，在佛教圈子裏，淨人與園民的位階不同，而南北傳佛教文獻對淨人和園民的記述有明顯差異，值得進一步探討。凡此期望能對淨人的安排和意義，有更深更廣的認識。
Buddhist disciples strive to escape suffering and achieve enlightenment. However, they need the help of lay people in different aspects of daily life. “Proper bondmen” (淨人) is a common type recorded in the Buddhist Vinaya texts, and attracts the attention of various academics. Previous research has mostly focused on their assistance in handling money and property. This article examines the records related to proper bondmen in the Chinese translation of Buddhist Vinaya texts comprehensively and the corresponding passages in the Pāli Vinaya are also used as references. Based on the research of this paper, proper bondmen come from donation, borrowing, paying off debts, or they are originally monks or slaves. Proper bondmen includes men and women, in large quantities, they live inside the monasteries or nearby settlements. With the assistant of proper bondmen, monks and nuns can avoid killing sentient beings, using violence, having ambiguous connection with opposite sex or violation of various monastic rules, so that monks and nuns can live their daily life more convenient. However, some proper bondmen steal monastery property, disturb monk or nun‟s meditation, and even occupy monasteries. Finally, this article also points out that in the Buddhist circle, there are obvious differences in the records of proper bondmen and “monastery attendants” (yuanmin 園民) in the Chinese and Theravāda Buddhist literatures, which is worthy for further discussion. It is hoped that this article contributes to a deeper and broader understanding of proper bondmen. |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言
二、淨人的來源
三、淨人的工作
(一) 免僧殺生
(二) 免僧貪財
(三) 襄助飲食事宜
(四) 區隔僧俗男女
(五) 輔行律制
(六) 其他工作
四、淨人與僧眾的關係
(一) 僧眾對淨人的關顧
(二) 淨人對僧眾的妨礙
(三) 無淨人的開許
五、總結及討論
(一) 淨人的含義及其實施概況
(二) 淨人與園民 |
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| ISSN | 16086848 (P) |
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| Hits | 41 |
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| Created date | 2025.02.21 |
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| Modified date | 2025.02.21 |
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