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Vajramahākāla and the Śaivasaugata rulers of Dharmāśraya and Siṅhasāri |
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| Author |
Sinclair, Iain (著)
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| Source |
Entangled Religions
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| Volume | v.13 n.7 |
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| Date | 2022 |
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| Publisher | Käte Hamburger Kolleg Dynamics in the History of Religions between Asia and Europe |
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| Location | Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany [波鴻, 北萊茵-威斯特伐利亞, 德國] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Note | 1. Vol. 13 No. 7: Interreligious Relations in Early Southeast Asia: Encountering Buddhists, Brahmins and Indigenous Religions
2. Author Affiliation: The University of Queensland SHPI/Nan Tien Institute, Australia. |
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| Keyword | Hindu-Buddhism; Tantrism; Mahākāla; Indonesia; transfer; tradition; kingship |
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| Abstract | Impressive images of a ferocious deity holding a cleaver and skullcup emerged in precolonial Sumatra. The deity is depicted with a female partner on the sword Mandākinī, and as a monumental statue found at Dharmāśraya in the Sumatran highlands. These images are often said to represent (the Śivaite) Bhairava and king Ādityavarman (c. 1294–1374), but they have overt marks of Buddhist affiliation. It is shown here that they represent Vajramahākāla, as described in the Buddhist Ḍākinīvajrapañjaratantra, and the bloodthirsty Kālī. Comparative photographic analysis confirms that the monumental Vajramahākāla is concurrently a portrayal of Kṛtanagara (r. 1268–1292), śaivasaugata ruler of the Javanese Siṅhasāri dynasty and overlord of Dharmāśraya. Vajramahākāla’s appeal as a unity figure for late Hindu-Buddhist polities is further illuminated by the careers of two Indians in the region, Tribhuvanarāja of Dharmāśraya (r. 1286) and the itinerant paṇḍita Gautamaśrī (fl. 1248–1268). |
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| Table of contents | ABSTRACT
KEYWORDS
Introduction: Mahākāla, Hinduism and Buddhism
The Great Black One and Hindu-Buddhism in the Indonesian Context
The Vajramahākāla Depiction on the Mandākinī Sword
The Goddess Partnered with Vajramahākāla
The Significance and Provenance of the Mandākinī Sword
The Monumental Vajramahākāla of Dharmāśraya
The Monumental Vajramahākāla as an Embodiment of the Ruler
Parameters of Hindu-Buddhist State Imagery in Insular Southeast Asia
Vajramahākāla’s Indo–Himalayan–Indonesian Transfer
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References |
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| ISSN | 23636696 (P) |
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| DOI | 10.46586/er.13.2022.9678 |
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| Hits | 13 |
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| Created date | 2024.02.16 |
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| Modified date | 2024.02.17 |
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