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초기 유가행파의 수행론적 전개와 그 실천적 의의 - 지관수습의 구조와 유식관의 확립과 관련하여=Soteriological Development of the Early Yogācāra and Its Practical Significance : In Relation to the Structure of Śamatha-Vipaśyanā Cultivation and the Establishment of the Yogācāra View
Author 김재권 (著)
Source 선학=禪學=Journal of Seon Studies
Volumev.66
Date2023.12
Pages107 - 133
Publisher韓國禪學會
Publisher Url http://www.seonstudy.org/seon/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
NoteAuthor Affiliation: 능인대학원대학교. South Korea
Keyword요가=yoga; 명상=meditation; 지관=śamatha-vipaśyanā; 소연=ālambana; 진여=tathatā; 유식관=Consciousness-Only Contemplation
Abstract초기 유가행파(瑜伽行派, Yogācāra)는 요가(冥想, yoga)의 실천을 기반으로 하는 학파를 의미한다. 이 학파는 『반야경』의 공사상에 입각하여 인식과 존재의 문제를 비롯한 모든 것을식(識)으로 환원하는 ‘유식(唯識, vijñaptimātra)’의 입장을 천명하는 점에서 유식학파(唯識學 派, Vijñānavādin)로 불리기도 한다.
사실 『유가사지론』은 슈미트하우젠(1982)의 견해에 따르면, 해탈경험에 대한 두 가지 상이한 견해를 제시한다. 이른바 두 가지 견해란 ⑴4성제에 대한 차제적인 여실한 통찰에의한 해탈 혹은 열반의 길을 제시하는 전통적‧소승적인 견해와 ⑵모든 현상의 불가언설적인 단일한 실재성, 즉 진여(眞如, tathatā)를 직접적으로 체득하는 방식의 대승적인 견해를 말한다. 결국 유식학파의 대승적인 견해란 전통적인 소승의 해탈경험을 대승적인해탈경험의 하위체계로 통합하는 것이다.
따라서 이 논문은 초기 유식사상사에서 지관수습의 구조와 유식관의 확립의 그 상관성에 주목하여, 『성문지』와 『보살지』의 지관수행, 그리고 『해심밀경』의 지관수행에 나타난대승적 수행론의 전개과정을 사상사적으로 검토하였다. 이를 통해 본고는 『보살지』의대승적 입장을 계승한 『해심밀경』의 지관수행은 『성문지』의 지관체계를 대승적으로 변용하여, 특히 교리적으로 대승적인 입장을 반영한 유식관의 확립과 더불어 더욱 진전된형태로 전개된 것임을 해명한 것이다

The early Yogācāra indicates a school of Buddhist thought that is based on the practice of yoga (i.e., meditation). As this school bases itself on the emptiness (Skt. śūñyatā) thought and presents the position of vijñaptimātra which means the reducing of everything, the aspects of cognition and existence included, to the consciousness, it is also called Vijñānavādin.
In fact, according to Schimithausen (1982), the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra offers two distinct views on the experience of liberation. The first is a traditional or Hinayana view that presents the path to liberation or nirvana through true gradual insights into the four noble truths; the second is a Mahayana view that seeks to directly attain the ineffable singular reality underlying all phenomena, called tathatā. In the final analysis, it is revealed that this Mahayana view of the Yogācāra is an integration of the traditional Hinayana experience of liberation into an element subordinate to the Mahayana experience of liberation.
In this respect, this paper pays attention to the correlation of the structure of śamatha-vipaśyanā cultivation and the establishment of the Yogācāra view in the early history of Yogācāra thought. It thus examines the process of development of Mahayana soteriology, as shown in the śamatha-vipaśyanā cultivation based on such texts as the śrāvakabhūmi and bodhisattvabhūmi sections of the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, the Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra, etc., from the historical standpoint of thought. Through this examination, this paper explicates that the śamatha-vipaśyanā cultivation system in the Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra succeeded the Mahayana position of the bodhisattvabhūmisection of the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra and that it transformed the same cultivation system in the śrāvakabhūmi section of the same treatise in a Mahayana fashion, thereby further developing it and resulting in the establishment of the Yogācāra view which specifically reflects the doctrinal position of the Mahayana.
ISSN15980588 (P)
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Created date2024.09.26
Modified date2024.11.01



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