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The Jeweled Hairpin: Da'aidao biqiuni jing in Sinic Buddhism=步瑤──漢傳佛教中的大愛道比丘尼經 |
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| Author |
Wang, Xingyi (著)=王星逸 (au.)
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| Source |
Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies=中華佛學學報
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| Volume | n.37 |
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| Date | 2024.08 |
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| Pages | 201 - 240 |
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| Publisher | Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies=中華佛學研究所 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/
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| Location | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Keyword | Mahāprajāpatī; Mahāyāna apocrypha; monastic order of Buddhist nuns; Da'aidao biqiuni jing; contemporary Buddhist feminist movement |
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| Abstract | The figure of bhikṣuṇī Mahāprajāpatī-the first recognized Buddhist nun-and the narratives surrounding her have been a constant source of validation for the ordination of women in Buddhism. Sometime in or around the fifth century CE, a new Mahāyāna sūtra appeared in Chinese history under the name of Mahāprajāpatī, Da'aidao biqiuni jing 大愛道比丘尼經. Comparing it with other Vinaya texts, Hirakawa Akira (1999 [1960]), for example, excludes the possibility that the sūtra originated in Nikāya, or early Indian, Buddhism. Ann Heirman's 2001 study of the ordination of Chinese nuns in the fifth century shows that the sūtra emphasizes Mahāyāna elements compared with other Vinaya texts. Little doubt now remains that the text was derived from several earlier Indian works translated into Chinese. I argue that the Da'aidaojing combines an adaptation of a parallel chapter on Mahāprajāpatī from the Zhong benqi jing 中本起經 and newly composed rules for regulating the emerging bhikṣuṇī groups in the Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhist community in the fifth century. Imitating the structure of the Vinaya, the newly composed section not only imposes many more restrictive rules on the everyday practices of bhikṣuṇīs, but also highlights the pure positive image of the original disputable eightheavy rules, therefore undermining the Buddha's original acknowledgment of the spiritual potentiality of women by highlighting the obstacles of becoming spiritually established in a female body. This article takes the study of the Chinese bhikṣuṇī one step further by examining the reception and controversy of the Da'aidaojing in the context of modern bhikṣuṇī community building in modern periods. By continuing to include the sūtra as an authoritative canonical source, the bhikṣuṇī community faces a dilemma between the need to embrace the legacy of bhikṣuṇī Mahāprajāpatī and come to terms with the misogynistic elements embedded in the sūtra.
大愛道比丘尼是佛教歷史上第一位受戒的比丘尼，她的形象以及圍繞她的敘事一直是比丘尼受戒的合法性來源。公元五世紀前後，中國佛教歷史上出現了一部名為《大愛道比丘尼經》的大乘佛經。平川彰（1999[1960]）將其與其他律宗文本進行比較，排除了本經起源於部派佛教或早期印度佛教的可能性。安海曼（Ann Heirman）在2001年出版的五世紀中國比丘尼受戒研究論文中指出，與其他律宗文獻相比，本經凸顯了若干大乘佛教元素。可以確定的是本經的源頭包括幾部早期印度經文的漢文譯本。筆者認為《大愛道比丘尼經》既包括了《中本起經》中關於大愛道比丘尼若干平行章節的改編，同時也涵蓋了五世紀漢傳佛教僧團中新制定的戒律條文。通過對廣本戒律文獻的模仿，本經新撰寫的部分不僅為比丘尼的日常修行生活新增了許多限制性規則，並且通過強調女性身份作為修行的障礙，片面強化了原本複雜的八重戒的純然正面意涵，從而削弱了佛陀最初對女性成道潛力的認可。本文在近現代比丘尼教團建設的背景下，考察《大愛道比丘尼經》在教團發展中的接受和爭議，在前人基礎上進一步推進漢傳比丘尼教團的研究。因為《大愛道比丘尼經》持續被作為權威的經典來源，比丘尼教團面臨著一個兩難選擇：一方面教團需要繼承大愛道比丘尼的合法性遺產，另一方面又不得不找到應對本經中包含的厭女内容的方法。 |
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| Table of contents | 1. Introduction 206
2. Translation or Apocrypha? 207
3. Bhikṣuṇī Orders in the Republic of China 223
4. Contemporary Controversies and Interpretations in Taiwan 229
5. Conclusion 234 |
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| ISSN | 23132000 (P); 23132019 (E) |
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| Hits | 12 |
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| Created date | 2024.12.04 |
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| Modified date | 2024.12.04 |
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