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淨土宗念佛法門對居士求生極樂淨土的理論依據
Author 王照明 (撰)
Date2008
Publisher佛光大學宗教學系
Publisher Url http://www.fgu.edu.tw/~buddhist/
Location宜蘭縣, 臺灣 [I-lan hsien, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreemaster
Institution佛光大學
Department宗教學系
Advisor劉國威
Publication year97
Keyword淨土=pure land; 念佛=retain Buddha in mind; 易行道=easy access; 人間佛教=Humanistic Buddhism
Abstract經云:「此諸眾生云何具有如來智慧,愚癡迷惑,不知不見。」如此即表示「人人皆有成佛的希望」!但要如何未經出家成為比丘、比丘尼修行,而得以在家修行成就?在眾多的法門中,何以古師大德們常勸眾生念佛,一如真歇了禪師亦云:「捷徑法門,惟有念佛。功高易進,念佛為先。」認為在求生極樂世界後,就得以超凡入聖,橫出三界,為一種快速成就的「易行道」法門!俗謂:「人不為己,天誅地滅。」佛陀亦云:「一切眾生類,皆悉求己利。」我們人往往為一己之私,而忽略了別人的感受和看法,甚而造出傷害別人的行為,或者弄得兩敗俱傷。但是佛法的本質應是「自利利他」的,所以佛教應是走入人間,才能因應時代教化眾生,方可免除眾生對現世病難、災橫巨變的恐懼。但眾生要脫離人生的苦痛,在忙碌的現今社會裡,想要撥冗修行談何容易?然而修行有「難行道」與「易行道」之分,「難行道」需要勤加精進,方能達到阿鞞跋致不退轉地。如經云:「佛道長遠,久受懃苦,乃可得成佛。」「易行道」則是以信、願、行為方便,念佛名號乘佛願力,疾至阿鞞跋致不退轉地。「凡夫」求生「彌陀淨土」是「成佛」的「捷逕」嗎?何以「念佛」會被認為是最簡易的修持方法之一?按此乘佛願力加持的功益確實存在,眾生應摒除偏見,確信凡夫也有成佛的可能性。經云:「佛世尊皆出人間,非由天而得也。」唯有人間的「人」才有接受佛法、體悟真理,求得超凡入聖的機會。我們「人」也應該把握這機會,身體力行盡心盡力地實踐「人間佛教」的理念,以佛教的道理改善社會風氣,促進社會進步,祈能具體關懷與淨化我們所居住的「人間」。

經The sutra states : “All living creatures in the world, come with intelligence of Buddha, are not aware of the natural wisdom instead of the foolish, the infatuated and the puzzled.” On the other hand, that indicates everybody is supposed to obtain chance on transcending into Buddha from the ordinary! How to keep going on practicing Buddhism at home, other than be a monk or nun, if one man could reach the achievement of Buddhism? For what reason, the ancient elites often advised the disciples to grasp the name of Buddha, retain Buddha in mind, as one way to reach achievement of Buddhism in numerous approaches. “Initial approach of shortcut which is easy and efficient,” Zhen Xie Liao (真歇了禪師, a zen master, a honorific Buddhist monk ) said, “only retain Buddha in mind, a fast accomplishment after seeking survival Sukhavati, can make people transcend into holiness from worldliness quickly.”
A proverb said : “Every man for himself, and the devil takes the hindmost.” “All living creatures in the world,” Buddha also said, “pursue their own profits all day long.” With chasing a little benefit, people often neglect other’s feeling and aspects. Therefore, injuring each other behavior is accrued even make both sides suffer failure. But the essence of Buddha dharma, regarded as a kind of virtue, should be profits available to each other. However, Buddhism is supposed to enter the world of human beings and enlighten all living creatures. May Buddha bless all living creatures enable to avoid fearing about coming disaster in the future. But it is difficult for all people to prevent suffering from calamity by practicing Buddhism in a bustle society today. There are two different ways in practicing Buddhism. First, the difficult access is required hardworking. Moreover, the easy access is retreated comfortably. A sutra states: “It is a long-term suffering for becoming a Buddha.” Easy access depending on three elements ( faith, willing & carrying out ), takes advantage of praying Buddha’s name strength for landing degree of never drawing back. For what reason that praying to Buddha for living pure land of Amitabha is one of easy accesses to reach achievement of practicing Buddhism. Therefore, we must believe the force of Buddha is really existing with getting rid of prejudiced presumption that ordinary men can not turn to be a Buddha through practicing.
A sutra states : “Buddha only emerges from the world of human beings instead of heaven.” Only human beings, possess ability to accept Buddha Dharma, realize the truth and get a chance to transcend into holiness from worldliness. We, all people, should also hold this chance, for example, to practice the ideal Humanistic Buddhism. Meanwhile, we can improve our social atmosphere, promote society in progress, and purify the circumstances of human beings.
Table of contents論文摘要 I
表目錄 VI
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
一、研究動機 1
二、研究目的 3
第二節 文獻回顧 4
一、專書 6
二、近代大師著作 8
三、期刊論文 9
第三節 研究範疇與方法 13
一、研究範疇 13
二、研究方法 14
第四節 研究限制 17
第二章 淨土法門的緣起與立意 19
第一節 淨土緣起 24
第二節 淨土分類 26
一、經典中所描述的淨土 28
(一)、彌勒淨土 28
(二)、藥師佛淨土 30
(三)、阿閦佛國淨土 31
(四)、阿彌陀國淨土 32
(五)、唯心淨土 34
二、祖師對淨土的判屬 38
(一)、慧遠 39
(二)、智顗 40
(三)、吉藏 42
第三節 淨土宗由凡轉聖的可行性 44
一、何謂凡夫何謂佛 44
二、凡夫與佛同具佛性 46
三、闡提、五逆罪、謗法 48
四、二乘、女人、缺根,得生淨土 50
第四節 淨土修持殊勝之理論依據~易行道與難行道 53
第三章 念佛行門 70
第一節 念佛含意 71
第二節 念佛方法 74
一、世親五念門 75
二、天台五方便念佛門 79
三、華嚴四種念佛 81
(一)、稱名念佛 81
(二)、觀像念佛 82
(三)、觀想念佛 84
(四)、實相念佛 86
第三節 宋明以來念佛修持之特色~禪淨圓融 88
第四節 淨土宗對臨終助念之看法 95
一、臨終助念 95
二、十念往生 98
第四章 與念佛修行相關之方法及所證果位 106
第一節 戒定慧是佛教修持共同基礎 107
一、戒~五戒與十善 108
二、定~一心不亂 110
三、慧~解行一致 110
第二節 佛教修持之不共基礎~懺悔 112
第三節 淨土修持三資糧~信願行 116
一、念佛功德 117
二、信 119
三、願 121
(一)、至誠心 121
(二)、深心 122
(三)、迴向發願心 123
四、行 124
五、往生三資糧 126
第四節 往生淨土之果位~三輩九品 127
第五章 淨土修持之重要性及其當代影響 138
第一節 釋迦牟尼、普賢、文殊亦受持念佛法門 139
第二節 中國佛教淨土行者往生實例解析 143
第三節 從人間佛教到當代佛教的發展趨勢 147
第四節 當代大乘佛教修持之中堅~淨土法門 157
參考書目: 163
附錄一:藥師佛十二大願 173
附錄二:彌陀四十八願 174
附錄三:《觀經》十六觀 177
附錄四:表5.1統計數之詳細目次 181

表目錄

表2.1:宏揚淨土歷代祖師和法師彙總表 21
表2.2:淨土一般特點 27
表2.3:慧遠判屬的淨土分類 39
表2.4:智顗判屬的淨土分類 41
表2.5:吉藏判屬的淨土分類 43
表2.6:往生後果位 59
表2.7:佛陀勸說發願往生 67
表3.1:世親五念門 78
表3.2:天台智顗「五方便念佛門」 79
表3.3:念佛類別 102
表4.1:蕅益大師~信的種類 119
表4.2:印光大師「信願行」三法解釋 127
表4.3:三輩往生情境 128
表4.4:《觀經》九品往生 130
表5.1:往生事跡統計(詳見附錄四) 145
表5‧2:三大道場宗旨 154
Hits795
Created date2009.11.24
Modified date2023.04.06



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