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Lady of Illusion: Seeking Niguma=幻象女士 -- 尋找Niguma |
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Harding, Sarah=哈定, 莎拉
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| Source |
國際佛教善女人大會（第11屆）=Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women(11th)
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| Date | 2009.12.28 |
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| Publisher | Sakyadhita: the international association of buddhist women |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.sakyadhita.org/
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| Location | HCM City, Vietnam [胡志明市, 越南] |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese; 英文=English |
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| Note | 會議地點：越南胡志明市；時間：2009.12.18 - 2010.01.03；大會主題：傑出的女性修行者與典範=Eminent Buddhist Women |
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| Abstract | Niguma was a Kashmiri woman who seems to have lived some time in the 11th century. She is known as the main source of the teachings that became the core praxis of the Shangpa lineage, one of the "Eight Great Practice Lineages" of Tibet. Her numerous pithy works are found in some editions of the Tibetan Buddhist canon. Yet much of Niguma’s influence can be attributed to the spiritual visions of later Tibetan adepts. Even the founder of the Shangpa tradition, Khyungpo Naljor, was admittedly under the influence of either dream or vision during his encounter with Niguma in the charnel grounds of India. He later wrote down all that he learned from her and it is this that comprises her body of work. Can we find an actual woman who is the subject of her own story? Or is she only the beautiful embodiment of the yogin’s epiphanies – the feminine voice of his wisdom?
This paper attempts to find Niguma through research and analysis of the few known details of her life and teachings. It examines her brief biography and other lineage stories, which are translated in the paper, as well as the various yogic visionary accounts. Niguma’s birthplace, time, teachers, and relatives are all illusive, yet provide tantalizing hints. I will dispel the western insistence that she was the consort of the great Naropa, who is clearly identified as her brother in all Tibetan accounts. Then I will explore those qualities that identify her and others like her as “dakinis of timeless awareness,” such as the ability to receive instructions directly from Buddha Vajradhara, to manifest the rainbow body and dwell on the purely spiritual levels. Using Niguma as an example, this paper pursues the mystery of the Tibetan lore of the dakini and the so-called feminine principle in Tibetan Buddhism.
Finally, I will provide examples of what might be Niguma’s own voice, including one or two short translations of her teachings. This paper will ultimately form part of the introduction to a book of Niguma’s collected works in translation. The main, and only, treatise attributed to her is called “Stages in the Path of Illusion.” This theme – illusion (maya) – is the one thread that runs through everything that Niguma said and everything that we know about her, and is the consistent thesis of this paper.
妮古瑪(Nigoma)應該是活在十一世紀的喀米爾女性，她以影響八大實踐宗派中香巴噶舉(Shangpa)法脈的核心教義聞名於世。某些藏文藏經的版本中，尚保存她簡要的作品。妮古瑪的影響力歸因於其後追隨者的精神意象。甚至香巴噶舉(Shangpa)法脈的創始者炯波南久(Khyungpo Naljor)，承認在夢境或意象與妮古瑪在印度天葬場相遇。後來他寫下從她學到的事物，這些紀錄也建構了她的主要著作。我們可以循著傳說中的女主角找到一位確實存在過的女性嗎？還是她只是瑜伽行祖師曼妙的顯像──以陰性的聲音敘述他的智慧。透過研究分析已知少數有關其生活與教學的細節，本論文企圖找出妮古瑪。文中將翻譯調查她簡短的傳記，以及其他法脈傳承的故事，還有不同瑜伽意象的紀錄。與、其他翻譯在論文裡的世系傳聞，和許多修行者幻境的記事。妮古瑪的出生地、時代、老師及親戚全部都是虛構的，但是仍然提供引人好奇的線索。我會翻案，妮古瑪並非如西藏記載中所謂的，她是偉大Naropa的姊妹與諮詢者。然後我將探索確認她的特性，譬如與其他人一樣被稱為些永恆覺醒的空行母(dakinis)。空行母的特性像直接受金剛總持佛(Buddha Vajradhara)教導的能力，顯示虹光身(rainbow body)，和永遠保持純潔的心靈。以妮古瑪為例，這篇論文探索西藏熱衷空行母的迷思，以及所謂的藏傳佛教的女性原則。最後，我將提供某些可能是妮古瑪自己的聲音，包括翻譯一兩篇她的教義。這篇論文最後會形成我翻譯的書的部分介紹。不過主要與唯一的論說歸因於她被稱為虛幻行程的階段。這個夢幻(maya)的主題貫穿我們所知道的妮古瑪，以及本文一貫的論點。 |
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| Hits | 1009 |
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| Created date | 2010.01.15 |
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| Modified date | 2015.08.17 |
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