Site mapAbout usConsultative CommitteeAsk LibrarianContributionCopyrightCitation GuidelineDonationHome        

CatalogAuthor AuthorityGoogle
Search engineFulltextScripturesLanguage LessonsLinks
 


Extra service
Tools
Export
宋儒胡瑗的教育思想=Confucian Scholar Hu-yuan's Educational Theory
Author 劉貴傑 (著)=Liu, Kuei-chieh (au.)
Source 國際佛教教育研討會(第9屆)=International Conference on Buddhist Education(9th)
Date1994.07.16-20
Pages47 - 49
Publisher華梵佛學研究所=Institute for Sino-Indian Buddhist
Publisher Url http://hcef.hfu.edu.tw/Buddha/overview/article.htm
Location臺北縣, 臺灣 [Taipei hsien, Taiwan]
Content type會議論文=Proceeding Article
Language中文=Chinese
Note中英文提要=Chinese and English Abstracts; English Abstract:p.49; 中文論文提要:p.47-48
Keyword劉貴傑; Liu, Kuei-chieh
Abstract胡瑗(993-I059)乃北宋初期的學者,教育家. 因世居陝西省的安定堡,世稱安定先生. 官至太常博士,後歸老於鄉,胡瑗和孫復,石介提倡「以仁義禮樂為學」,並稱「宋初三先生」,為宋代理學醞釀時期的重要人物. 胡瑗精通儒家經術,以「聖賢自期許」,講「明體達用之學」,「體」即三綱五常等道德準則;「用」即道德準則的用. 胡瑗認為儒家的綱常名教乃萬世不變的「體」,而儒家的五經典籍乃垂法後世的「文」,將「體」與「文」落實人倫,則可「潤澤斯民,歸於皇極」,達到民安國治,天下太平的盛世,這就是「用」. 他的「明體達用之學」對宋代理學頗有影響. 胡瑗畢生從事教育工作,認為只有「明夫聖人體用」,才能「以為政教之本」,並將「明體達用」作為教育的目標,先教學生明「理」,然後以「理」修之於身,齊之以家. 教育的功用則在「致天下之治」,實現「天下之治」則在培養人才,人才的培養又在學校教育,學校教育的成敗關係到國家的存亡興衰,故教育在安邦定國方面實有其重要作用. 胡瑗將學校視為教化育人,轉變風氣的場所,並主張學校應授通經致用之學. 教學內容則經義實學並重,設經義,治事二齋,分齋教學. 經義齋以研究儒家經典為主教學內容;治事齋乃分科教學,有民政,軍事,水利及算術四類,學生專一門主科,同時兼修一門副科,由此開啟分科教學和主修副修制度的先河,此在當時固為一大改革,而在教育史上亦是一項創新,對後代教育的發展也有啟導作用. 在教學方法上,胡瑗強調因材施教法,講授教學法,直觀教學法,討論教學法,遊學考察法,遊戲教學法,激勵教學法,言傳身教法. 胡瑗在教學中雖鼓勵學生各行己見,互相討論,但也要求他們記筆記. 現今留傳下來的「胡瑗口義」(包括《周易口義》,《洪範口義》等)就是當時胡瑗講「五經異論」時學生的筆記. 正因胡瑗嚴格的要求,後來他的學生才會有所成就,成宋朝初年各個領域的著名人物. 胡瑗是位躬行實踐的教育家,深獲後人的敬仰和稱頌. 歐陽修贊揚胡瑗「為人師,言行而身化之」;程頤亦尊胡瑗為天下道德君子之首 ;朱熹認為胡瑗一生的教學活動,可以作為「百世之法」;明朝學士程 敏政則謂:「自秦漢以來,師道之立,未有過瑗者」;黃百家也推崇胡瑗「窮經以博古,治事以通今,成就人才,最為的當」. 這些都非過譽之詞,胡瑗在中國教育史上實有其崇高的地位.

Master Hu-yuan was a pioneer of Neo-Confucianism in the Sung dynasty. Hu-yuan was well versed in Confucian doctrine and classics, promoting the theory "Understanding substance and penetrating the applying method". The so-called "substance" is Confucian moral criterion,and the so-called "application "is applying of "moral criterion". Because of his educational theory,he was highly esteemed,by his contemporary famous Neo-Confucian scholars. As O Yang-hsiu put it,"As a teacher,he practices 'Examples are better than precepts'". Chen-yi praised him as a most virtuous person of all ages. He has also been highly esteemed ever since.
Hits727
Created date2001.02.21
Modified date2015.06.12



Best viewed with Chrome, Firefox, Safari(Mac) but not supported IE

Notice

You are leaving our website for The full text resources provided by the above database or electronic journals may not be displayed due to the domain restrictions or fee-charging download problems.

Record correction

Please delete and correct directly in the form below, and click "Apply" at the bottom.
(When receiving your information, we will check and correct the mistake as soon as possible.)

Serial No.
346975

Search History (Only show 10 bibliography limited)
Search Criteria Field Codes
Search CriteriaBrowse