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北齊青州地區佛教石造像風格問題研究=An Inquiry Into the Style of Qingzhou Buddhist Sculpture of the Northern Qi Period(550-577 A.D.)
Author 簡鸝媯 (撰)=Chien, Li-kuei (compose)
Date2001
Pages123
Publisher國立臺南藝術學院=Tainan National College of the Arts
Publisher Url https://www.tnnua.edu.tw/
Location臺南市, 臺灣 [Tainan shih, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreemaster
Institution國立臺南藝術學院
Department藝術史與藝術評論研究所
Advisor潘亮文
Publication year89
Keyword青州=Qingzhou; 北齊=the Northern Qi Period; 山東=Shangdon; 佛教造像=Buddhist Sculpture
Abstract近二十年來,山東省中部以今青州市為中心陸續出土了數百件內容豐富多樣的北朝晚期佛教石造像,本文以北齊青州石造像做研究對象,探討青州造像風格及其成因。
本文首先考察《魏書.地形志》和《隋書.地理志》的記載並參照諸地出土之造像銘記,考定公元六世紀中葉青州的地理範圍:青州、博興、昌邑、廣饒、臨朐屬青州,章丘、高青屬齊州,惠民、無棣、陽信屬滄州,諸城屬膠州。再將諸地造像與青州地區造像相互對照,透過各地出土造像形制、雕工、裝飾上的差異,突顯青州地區的造像特色;其次,對青州地區出土造像進行初步的類型分析。
關於青州地區造像特色可概分兩點說明:第一、北齊造像豐腴壯碩的身體造型取代了前朝東魏的秀骨清相,成為新時代的普遍原則,青州造像在造型上的發展與此轉變相符;第二、青州造像細膩婉約的氣質、繁複華麗的裝飾特徵,為北齊其他地區所少見,實為其獨特的歷史條件所形成。
筆者考察公元六世紀之社會背景,由北齊之社會結構探索青州造像特色之成因,關於上述第一點,本文徵諸《北齊書》、《魏書》、《隋書》,討論北齊政權強烈的鮮卑自覺和排漢的意識型態,故一改北魏自公元四七○年代開始積極提倡的漢化政策,而具體揚棄漢族秀骨清相的審美原則,改變北魏晚期以來削肩、平胸的特徵,此外,在積極接納西域文化的情況下,採取了身材壯碩、薄衣貼體的新造像形式。至於第二項特徵,本文檢視《魏書》、《北齊書》、《周書》、《北史》、《梁書》、《南史》,整理東魏、北齊對西魏、北周和對梁的關係,正史紀錄顯示東魏、北齊與南朝梁之間存在著頻繁互動,而《續高僧傳》的紀錄指出南北的頻繁互動對民間交流具有極大的鼓勵作用;又根據以上正史,自公元六世紀始,南朝梁對西域的關係也積極蓬勃,使得域外文化也能源源輸入。
綜上所述,青州在此環境條件下,以本身地理位置接近南朝之利,加上深刻的漢文化淵源,故能吸收南朝文化,包括南朝本身的漢民族風尚,以及來自域外的異國風情,融合創造出健美秀麗的青州造像。

During the latest two decades, there were continually discovery of various kinds of Buddhist stone statues and steles of the sixth century around Qingzhou, the middle region of Shangdon Province. The discovered objects indicate a very unique style that harmoniously unifies the strength and elegance.
Initially, this paper exams the geographical boundary of Qingzhou region in the middle sixth century according to the official history records, “Wei shu” and “Suei shu”, and the inscriptions on the excavated steles. Based on the former research, the author has focused on the materials excavated from Qingzhou and the sites nearby including Boxing, Guangrao, Chuangyi, Linchu, Linqu, Gaoqing, Changchio, Wudi, Hueimin, Yangxin, Zhuzheng. Through the comparison of the statues and steles from different sites, the distinctions of the forms, techniques and decorations could be revealed, so that the conclusion for the characteristics of Qingzhou statues can be made. Furthermore, the paper detailed analyzes the statues and then classifies them into several types.
In order to thoroughly analyze the causes of the unique style of Qingzhou statues, the author further probes the social structure of the sixth century, which derives into two aspects as following:
Primarily, the strong and full figure had become a new and general principle of Northern Qi statues, which completely replaced the original skinny and fragile style of Eastern Wei. Further, the paper has cited a rather large amount of records in the official history, and indicates the ideology of Northern Qi rejecting and excluding the Han culture. Additionally, in order to oppose and eliminate the Han culture, the aristocracy enthusiastically imported the fashion from the West Region instead and it had entirely changed the workmanship in the early sixth century.
Secondarily, the complicated and luxurious decorative way of Qingzhou is rarely seen in other regions in Northern Qi. It might be caused by its specific historical background. According to the official history records, Qingzhou was long dominated by the higher Han families that showed deep influence on Han culture. Besides, geographical region of Qingzhou was a shaped plain of long in north and south and narrow in east and west, and the ocean is just nearby which brought Qingzhou the convenience and benefits of marine transit making it no difficulties to contact the outside world.
Under the influences of the two aspects mentioned above, the unique style that is strong and full but delicate and exquisite as well finally appeared in the sixth century and impressed the people in this post-modern time.
Table of contents中文摘要
英文摘要
圖目錄
表目錄
緒論
第一節 研究動機
第二節 文獻回顧
第三節 研究架構
第一章 青州造像的地域範圍與時代特點
第一節 北齊青州的地理位置
第二節 青州與周圍各州的佛教石造像
一 青州地區
二 齊州地區
三 滄州地區
四 膠州地區
第三節 青州地區的造像特徵
一 造像類型的多樣
二 造像形制的變化
三 造像表現的改變
第二章 北齊政權的排漢性質與造像風格的關係
第一節 北齊的軍事支柱:鮮卑軍隊
一 六鎮設立的歷史溯源
二 六鎮戍軍的成員
三 六鎮戍軍社會地位的改變
四 六鎮與洛陽集團文化及民族的差異
五 六鎮起兵與軍權的轉手
第二節 北齊高氏的鮮卑自覺
一 高氏的鮮卑自覺與輕視漢人
二 鮮卑語的再登廟堂
三 鮮卑與漢的權力鬥爭
第三節 北齊高氏政權的西域愛好
第四節 北齊的排漢作風在造像風格上的反映
第三章 青州造像的風格來源問題
第一節 青州地區與南朝的關係以及在北朝的地位
一 政治史上的發展
二 青州地區的佛教傳統
三 青州地區商業貿易的興盛
第二節 史料所載直接交流的紀錄
一 北魏晚期與南朝梁的聘使往來
二 東魏、北齊與南朝梁、陳的聘使往來
三 北齊與北周的聘使往來
四 東魏、北齊與域外各國的交通關係
五 梁、陳與西域和西南各國的交通關係
結論
圖版
參考文獻
圖版出處
Hits734
Created date2000.11
Modified date2023.01.16



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