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菩提達摩考
Author 徐文明=Xu, Wen-ming
Source 北京大學研究生學志=Graduate Students' Journal of Peking University
Volumen.1-2 (總號=n.35)
Date1994
Publisher北京大學研究生院; 《北京大學研究生學志》編輯部
Location北京, 中國 [Beijing, China]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
Keyword菩提達摩=菩提達磨=達摩=達磨=Bodhidharma; 佛教人物=Buddhist; 中國佛教史=Chinese Buddhist History;
Abstract......在較早的歷史記載中,還未出現達摩曾在少林寺“面壁九年”之說。曇林序文只說達摩“遠涉山海,遊化漢魏”;《續高僧傳》中也只說他“北渡至魏,隨其所止,誨以禪教”,“遊化嵩洛”,並以“遊化為務,不測於終”。少林寺是北魏孝文帝為佛陀禪師(即佛陀扇多,跋陀)所建的寺廟,佛陀為該寺第一任寺主,繼佛陀任寺主的是僧調。當時達摩禪與佛陀、僧惆是水火不相容的,故達摩不可能在少林寺“面壁九年”。這傳說應屬後人的訛加。北宋時撰成的《景德傳燈錄》說,達摩北渡後,“寓止于嵩山少林寺,面壁而坐,終日默然,人莫測之,謂之壁觀婆羅門”。不久,在《壁言錄》中便寫作“達摩至彼,亦不出見。直過少林,面壁九年,接得二祖。彼方號為壁觀婆羅門。”後人便作對聯曰。“一葦渡江何處去,九年面壁彼人來”。所以胡適斷言,“所謂少林面壁的故事乃是後人誤把少林寺佛陀的故事混作達摩的故事了”(《菩提達摩考》)。其原因,主因禪宗後來取得優勢地位,為進一步擴大影響,理所當然地把當時頗具名聲的少林寺列為祖庭;自然,達摩壁觀也應當在少林寺進行了。......
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Created date2004.04.02



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