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莫高窟第45窟觀音經變時代新探=A New Study on the Date of the Avalokitesvara Sutra Illustration in Mogao Cave 45 |
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| Author |
沙武田 (著)=Sha, Wu-tien (au.)
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| Source |
敦煌研究=Dunhuang Research
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| Volume | n.6 (總號=n.136) |
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| Date | 2012.12 |
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| Pages | 19 - 28 + 127 -134 |
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| Publisher | 敦煌研究編輯部 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.dha.ac.cn/
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| Location | 蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為敦煌研究院文獻所研究員。 |
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| Keyword | 莫高窟第45窟=Mogao Cave 45; 觀音經變=Avalokitesvara Sutra illustration; 未完工窟=Unfinished Cave; 補繪=Complementary painting |
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| Abstract | 敦煌莫高窟第45窟為代表窟,窟內南壁觀音經變同屬唐代藝術精品,學界傳統認為該鋪經變為盛唐作品,是在洞窟營建之初與其他盛唐壁畫同時繪制。但是經過我們對洞窟營建的考察發現,第45窟作為盛唐未完工中唐補繪洞窟,觀音經變如同窟內其他幾身中唐補繪的觀音、地藏菩薩像一樣,實為洞窟停工后由后人續修補繪作品。與窟內及其他窟相關的盛唐、中唐壁畫作一比較,發現其確與盛唐壁畫有所區別,卻與中唐壁畫有所聯系。同時,作為當時獨特背景下觀音信仰的流行,觀音經變的繪制也符合具體的歷史背景。分析的結果表明,莫高窟第45窟南壁觀音經變,不大可能像傳統觀點認為的那樣屬于洞窟營建之初整體設計思想與布局觀念指導下的一部分,繪制于盛唐第一次營建之時,而應該是受吐蕃戰爭影響下洞窟停工后的續修補繪作品。具體的時間有可能是沙州陷蕃(786)前,仍屬盛唐時期,但不會早于東壁門南補繪盛唐觀音立像;也有可能晚到沙州陷蕃后的中唐時期。無論如何,該鋪觀音經變作為洞窟停工后由后人續修補繪作品是可以肯定的。但并不因此而否定或貶低該鋪經變之藝術、歷史、學術價值,它作為莫高窟唐代藝術之精品與代表作仍無疑問。
As one of the representative caves of the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang,Mogao Cave 45 has an Avalokitesvara Sutra Illustration that is a masterpiece of Tang Dynasty artworks.The wall painting was not finished during the High Tang period,instead being completed during the Middle Tang period.Generally,this Avalokitesvara Sutra illustration is regarded to date back to the High Tang period,contemporary with the other High Tang wall paintings.But an investigation of the cave construction suggests that,this illustration was not finished during the High Tang period and was completed in the Middle Tang when construction of the cave stopped,just like the images of Avalokitesrava and Ksitigarbha bodhisattvas.A comparison of this illustration with the High Tang and Middle Tang paintings in other caves also suggests it is indeed different from the High Tang murals,associated instead with the Middle Tang murals.Furthermore,the creation of this illustration is consistent with the unique popularity of belief in Avalokitesvara at that time.Therefore,this illustration would have been painted after cave construction stopped with the invasion of the Tibetans,and it thus might be in the High Tang period,prior to the Tibetan occupation(786 CE),no earlier than the date of the standing Avalokiestrava image on the south side of the entrance wall,but possibly as late as in the Middle Tang period after the Tibetan Occupation. Nonetheless,it is certain to have been done after construction of this cave stopped.This does not mean the artistic,historical,and academic values of this illustration should be denied or belittled. |
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| ISSN | 10004106 (P) |
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| Hits | 616 |
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| Created date | 2013.08.28 |
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| Modified date | 2018.05.17 |
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