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祟り・治罰・天災 : 日本列島における災禍と宗教=Vengeful Spirits, Divine Punishment and Natural Disasters : Catastrophe and Religion in Japan |
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佐藤弘夫 (著)=Sato, Hiroo (au.)
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| Source |
宗教研究=Journal of Religious Studies=シュウキョウ ケンキュウ
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| Volume | v.86 n.2 (總號=n.373) |
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| Date | 2012.09.30 |
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| Pages | 133 - 156 |
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| Publisher | 日本宗教学会 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://jpars.org/
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| Location | 東京, 日本 [Tokyo, Japan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 日文=Japanese |
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| Note | 佐藤弘夫(東北大学教授)
<特集>災禍と宗教=Religion and Calamities |
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| Keyword | 災禍; 崇り; 天災; 東日本大震災; 近代化 |
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| Abstract | 自然に関する科学的な知識を欠いていた前近代社会では、世界の他の地域と同様、列島の人々は不可避の災禍を超越的存在(カミ)の仕業と結びつけ、その出現の必然性を了解しようとした。古代社会では、自然災害はカミが人間に与えるメッセージ(崇り)と解釈された。仏教が受容され世界についての体系的な解釈が定着する中世社会になると、災害についても、その発生を治罰と救済の因果律のなかで説明しようとする傾向が強くなった。根源的存在のリアリティが衰退し、死者を彼岸の仏による救済システムに委ねることができなくなった近世では、災禍を天災として忍受する一方、不遇な死者を祖霊に上昇させるための長期にわたる儀礼や習俗が創出された。「近代化」のプロセスは、生者とカミ・死者が共存する伝統世界から後者を閉め出すとともに、特権的存在である人間を主人公とした社会の再構築にほかならなかった。東日本大震災は、そうした近代の異貌性を浮かび上がらせ、私たちの立ち位置と進路を再考させる契機となるものだった。
Without scientific knowledge, the people of pre-modern societies in Japan, as elsewhere, tried to understand and come to terms with the occurrence of natural disasters through their association with the actions of transcendent beings (kami). In ancient Japan, natural disasters were interpreted as messages, that is, vengeful curses, from the kami. With the establishment of a systematic cosmology which came with the broad reception of Buddhism during the middle ages, the causes of catastrophes came to be explained in terms of the law of cause and effect according to which punishment and salvation were delivered by the kami. With the onset of the early modern period, the sense of reality inherent in perceptions of the presence of those fundamental beings declined, and the salvation of the dead could no longer be entrusted to the system provided by the otherworldly kami. For this reason, people came to terms with catastrophes as natural disasters that must be faced. Rituals and customs, carried out over long periods, were put in place to raise the unfortunate dead to the status of ancestral spirits. In addition to a shift from the traditional world in which kami, the living and the dead coexisted toward a shutting out of the latter group, the process of "modernization" brought with it a restructuring of society around the exclusive rights and interests of human beings. The experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake has been an opportunity to reconsider the path ahead, and to reconsider responses to catastrophe which display the modern tendency to focus on the concerns of the living to the exclusion of those of the dead. |
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| Table of contents | [Table of Contents]
はじめに 133
一、宿命としての惨劇 135
ニ、神の発見 137
三、救済と天災 140
四、死者と交歓する生者 143
五、重なり合う生と死 145
六、異貌の時代としての近代 147
七、カミと祀られる人々 150
おわりに 152
注 154
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| ISSN | 03873293 (P) |
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| Hits | 1487 |
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| Created date | 2016.03.28 |
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| Modified date | 2019.08.26 |
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