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慧命(えみょう)の回路 : 明末・雲棲袾宏の不殺生思想=The Controversy between Yunqi Zhuhong (1535-1615) and the Christians Missionaries concerning "Abstinence from Taking Life" (Fusessho) |
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| Author |
西村玲 (著)=Nishimura, Ryo (au.)
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| Source |
宗教研究=Journal of Religious Studies=シュウキョウ ケンキュウ
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| Volume | v.86 n.3 (總號=n.374) |
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| Date | 2012.12.30 |
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| Pages | 27 - 48 |
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| Publisher | 日本宗教学会 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://jpars.org/
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| Location | 東京, 日本 [Tokyo, Japan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 日文=Japanese |
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| Note | 西村玲(公益財団法人中村元東方研究所) |
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| Keyword | 雲棲袾宏; マテオ・リッチ; 梵網経; 不殺生; 慧命 |
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| Abstract | 明末新仏教の先駆けとなった雲棲袾宏は、生涯にわたって不殺生と放生を実行し、現代まで広く崇敬される。仏教における不殺生の原理は、梵網経を根拠として、インド由来の輪廻説と中国における孝道が一体化したものである。十六世紀末から始まったキリスト教中国布教の中心であったマテオ・リッチは、その教理書『天主実義』で、人間が動物を殺すことは天主から与えられた恩恵であると主張し、仏教の輪廻と孝による不殺生を不合理であると批判した。袾宏は肉食に生理的な拒絶を示して、人と動物の平等を説いた。袾宏にとっては、人も動物も同じ肉であり、動物の肉を食することは人肉食にも等しい行為だった。輪廻にもとづく不殺生の思想は、現世一生の閉塞から無限の過去世と未来世へ、人の現身から六道の多種多様な存在へと、魂をひらく回路である。袾宏の不殺生思想は、明末庶民の生活に即した平易な形で説かれ、その一つである放生は身近な善行として一般化していった。
This paper examines Yunqi Zhuhong's thoughts on "abstinence from taking life" Vusessho) . Yunqi Zhuhong was a Chinese Buddhist monk who played a crucial role in the Buddhist revival movement at the end of Ming dynasty (1368-1644). The paper first introduces the controversy between Yunqi Zhuhong and Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) concerning the issue of abstinence from taking life. In East Asian Buddhism, the idea of no killing was based on the Brahma's Net Sutra (Bonmokyo), and it combined the Indian conception of transmigration in the six realms as well as the Confucian ideal of filial piety. However, Matteo Ricci, who was the central figure in the Christian missionary movement in Ming China, criticized the Buddhist idea of no killing; he argued, in his doctrinal treatise, Tianzhu shiyi (The meaning of "god"), that killing animals was a human God-given right, and the Buddhist idea of abstinence from taking life was absurd. Zhuhong strongly disagreed with Ricci. Due to his aversion to killing any sentient beings, Zhuhong advocated equality between humans and animals, and claimed that eating animal meat was no different from eating human flesh. For Zhuhong, the abstinence from killing animals was a way to open up a human soul to the possibility of infinite rebirths in the past and future lives in the six realms. Zhuhong explained the idea of no killing in a way understandable to ordinary people, thereby contributing to the increasing popularity of the practice of releasing living beings (hojo) in the late Ming dynasty. |
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| Table of contents | [Table of Contents]
一、不殺生の原理 27
ニ、マテオ・リッチの不殺生批判 32
三、株宏の人畜平等 34
四、株宏の不殺生思想 39
五、おわりに 42
注 44
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| ISSN | 03873293 (P) |
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| Hits | 424 |
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| Created date | 2016.04.07 |
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| Modified date | 2019.08.14 |
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