咸若館供藏擦擦佛整理研究 -- 兼及《諸佛菩薩聖像贊》之比較=A Comparative Study between the Tsa-tsas enshrined in Xianruo Guan,Cining Garden,The Forbidden City and Eulogies to the Sacred Images of the Buddhas and Boddhisattvas(Zhufo-pusa shengxiang zan)

文明; 羅文華

Author

文明 ; 羅文華

Source

故宮博物院院刊=Palace Museum Journal

Volume

n.5

Date

2009

Pages

26 - 55

Publisher

紫禁城出版社

Publisher Url

http://www.culturefc.cn/index/product.jhtml?act=index

Location

北京, 中國 [Beijing, China]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Keyword

擦擦=Tsha tsha; 諸佛菩薩聖像贊

Abstract

咸若館位于故宮外西路慈寧宮花園內,為該園中主體建筑。乾隆三十七年(1772)在東、西稍間的內壁上增設24個"掛龕",用于供奉十二套擦擦三百六十佛,共計4320尊。經整理,咸若館現存擦擦佛4233尊,其中4217尊屬于三百六十佛系列,是利用三世章嘉胡圖克圖·若必多吉編訂、乾隆二十二年十一月初十日(1757年12月20日)最終定型的三百六十佛銅陰佛模制作而成,其余16尊背后無字的擦擦無量壽佛則是清后期的作品。4217尊擦擦佛中目前僅有一套完整的擦擦三百六十佛,其余各套均不全。將這套完整的擦擦三百六十佛與《諸佛菩薩圣像贊》進行比較,兩者有354尊佛像完全相同,僅6處存在差別,一致性高達983%。依據中正殿火場殘存的《四體文佛名折》等一系列檔案,考證其出現差別的原因是《諸佛菩薩圣像贊》和咸若館供藏擦擦三百六十佛分別是三世章嘉編訂三百六十佛過程中的前后兩個階段的作品,前者屬于稿本,后者為定本。

Xianruo Guan is a building located in the garden of Cining Palace along the western ’axial road’ within the Forbidden City.In 1772,the 37th year of the reign of Qianlong,twenty-four vertical alcoves were constructed towards the center of the eastern and western inner walls,and these served to house twelve sets of 360 tsa-tsa Buddha images,totalling 4320 small statues.After sorting and cataloguing,4233 of the statuettes survive,of which 4217 belong to the twelve sets.On 20 December 1757 the original set of 360 bronze moulds had been made in accordance with the design of the Third Zhangjia Khutuktu Robi Dorge,with sixteen additional uninscribed tsa-tsa images of the Wuliangshou Buddha added in the late years of the Qing Dynasty.Among the surviving 4217 Buddhas,there is only one complete set of 360 images,the other sets all being incomplete.Comparing this single complete set with those contained in the Images and Encomiums of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas(Zhufo-pusa shengxiang zan),we find there are 354 correspondences,a 98.3%congruity,with only six statuettes varying from those in the text.As a result of the loss of a number of important related archives,such as Siti wen fo ming zhe,in the fire that destroyed Zhongzheng Hall,the reason for the discrepancy would seem to be that the statuettes in Images and Encomiums of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas and the sets of 360 in Xianruo Guan date to before and after the determination of the sequence by the Third Zhangjia Khutuktu,the former being a draft edition and the latter the final version.

Table of contents

引言 26
一、咸若館供藏擦擦佛現狀 28
二、咸若館供藏擦擦三百六十佛與《諸佛》之比較 39
三、"咸佛"與《諸佛》異同原因探析 47
四、結論 52

ISSN

04527402 (P); 04527402 (E)

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