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新疆和田地區策勒縣達瑪溝佛寺遺址發掘報告=Excavations of Buddhist Temple-Sites at Damago in Qira County of Hetian Prefecture, Xinjiang |
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| Author |
巫新華
;
郭物
;
雷然
;
鍾建
;
艾力
;
買提哈斯木
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| Source |
考古學報=Acta Archaeologica Sinica
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| Volume | n.4 |
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| Date | 2007 |
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| Pages | 489 - 525+529 - 542 |
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| Publisher | 中國社會科學院考古研究所 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.cass.net.cn/y_03/y_03_38kgyjs.html
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| Location | 北京, 中國 [Beijing, China] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者單位：中國社會科學院考古研究所新疆隊。 |
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| Keyword | 遺址發掘; 托普魯克; 達瑪; 喀拉墩; 丹丹島里克遺址; 考古工作; 毘沙門天王; 禪定印; 千佛; 石綠色 |
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| Abstract | 新疆和田地區策勒縣達瑪溝鄉所在區域分佈著許多重要佛教遺址。 20世紀初,沿達瑪溝水係從南到北先後發現了喀達里克、克科吉格代、巴拉瓦斯特、老達瑪溝、烏宗塔提、喀拉沁、丹丹烏里克等著名佛教遺址,出土大量的珍貴佛教文物。然而,上述佛教遺址全部位於今達瑪溝綠洲及其北部地區,達瑪溝南部地區基本上沒有佛教遺跡被發現。 2000年3月,當地牧羊人在達
In March 2000,May to June 2006 and October 2006,the Xinjiang Archaeological Team,IA,CASS,excavated successively the Nos.1 and 2 Buddhist temple-sites at Topulukdong and the No.1 Buddhist temple-site at Karadong in Damago of Qira County, Xinjiang.It has been known through studies that Temple Topulukdong-1 may have been built in the 6th to 7th century,Temple Damago Karadong-1,in the 7th century,and Temple Topulukdong-2,in the 8th century;and all of them may have been destroyed in the 10th to 11th century,in flames of the Islamic War launched by the Karakhan Dynasty.Thus the temples reflect an aspect of the developmental course of Buddhist temples in Yutian during the 6th to 8th centuries.The first temple is a square-plan image enshrining and worshiping hall and is the smallest among the medieval temples discovered so far in China and even in the world,as well as the best preserved hall-style Buddhist temple recorded in the Taklimakan Desert up to the present.The Buddhist statues in the temple are in quite a good condition,and the main sculpture and its nimbus and halo are invaluable treasures.The murals are exquisite in workmanship and the largest in remaining size among the wall paintings of Buddhist temples recorded so far across the Taklimakan Desert.Of them the figure of Maitreya Bodhisattva and the early image of Vaisravana are especially valuable. The original building can be completely reconstructed on the basis of the extant structures and murals.Temple Topulukdong-2 is well planned and is precise in layout and quite good in condition,and consists of the eastern gate,anterior hall,eastern side hall,northeastern side room,northern gate,northern side hall and central hall with statues enshrined inside and a corridor winding outside.It is the most complexly structured temple with a winding corridor and Buddhist statues known so far in Hetian Prefecture and can be rated as a large-sized representative of this type of building in this area.Thus its discovery made up a gap in the knowledge of the late form of Buddhist temples in Yutian.The head of the main statue,the remains of the painted thousand-Buddha images in the winding corridor,the Vairocana Buddha painted on a plank,the tsha-tsha and so on unearthed from the site constitute a batch of important achievements.The image of Vairocana Buddha and tsha-tsha along with the remains of the mural of thousand-arm thousand-eye Avalokitesvara well reflect the prevalence of the Esoteric Sect in the Yutian area and its close relationship with Tibetan Buddhism.The numerous cultural elements seen in the three temples demonstrate frequent exchanges of Yutian Buddhist art with aesthetic creation in the Central Plains and Central Asia. |
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| Table of contents | 一 達瑪溝托普魯克墩1號佛寺遺址 490
(一)發現與發掘經過 490
(二) 佛寺形制佈局 490
(三) 主尊塑像 491
(四) 佛寺壁畫 492
(五) 出土壁畫殘塊 496
(六) 出土遗物 500
二 達瑪溝托普魯克墩2號佛寺遺址 500
(一) 形制布局 501
(二) 佛寺出土壁畫 503
(三) 出土器物 508
三 達瑪溝喀拉墩1號佛教遺址 510
四 相關問題討論 514
(一) 年代 514
(二) 佛寺形制佈局 516
(三) 壁畫題材和內容 517
(四) 從達瑪溝佛寺的發現看於聞和吐蕃的關係 519
(五) 從達瑪溝佛寺發現壁畫看於聞畫派 519
五 結語 520
注釋 521
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| ISSN | 04532902 (P); 04532902 (E) |
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| Hits | 158 |
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| Created date | 2017.03.22 |
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| Modified date | 2019.10.08 |
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