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由《大念處經》的教學探討生命的出路與修行導向=An Inquiry into the Path of Life and the Orientation of Practice Based on the Teachings of the Mahā Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta |
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Author |
楊天立 (著)=Yang, Tien-li (au.)
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Date | 2016 |
Pages | 137 |
Publisher | 輔仁大學 |
Publisher Url |
https://www.fju.edu.tw/
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Location | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
Content type | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
Language | 中文=Chinese |
Degree | master |
Institution | 輔仁大學 |
Department | 宗教學系碩士在職專班 |
Advisor | 蔡耀明 |
Publication year | 104 |
Keyword | 大念處經=Mahā Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta; 念處=satipaṭṭhāna; 念住=anupassana; 隨觀=sati; 觀禪/毗婆舍那禪修=Vipassanā meditation=Insight meditation; 正念=mindfulness; 以正念為基礎的介入=mindfulness-based intervention MBI; 正念減壓=Mindfulness-based stress reduction MBSR |
Abstract | 本研究關切的主題是生命的岀路與推動生命得以超越的修行導向,並以《大念處經》的教學為探討的主要依據。探討的焦點在於,來到了這個世界的生命,顯現為被稱作人的生命體,經歷著一輩子的生活,生命歷程中充滿著喜怒哀樂、憂悲苦惱,不斷的尋求著心身的安住與生命的安頓,卻沒有一個安穩的住處。這主要是因為只把目光集中在心身所形塑的世界的現實表面,不斷的隨著自我所引發的念頭而追逐、積聚、獲得,當作生命的依靠,而無法覺察也不去正視心身與外在世界的變動不居與心身情意的擾動不安,如此的生命出路只有生老病死、生死輪迴。 佛教重視如此的生命困局,提出了以正視生命歷程的困局、認知此種困苦的原因、滅除困境的生命出路以及實際運作的道路為修行方向,修行導向上以禪修為實踐方式,配合善行、智慧打造的三個學科,開展為三十七個解脫的課目,其根基為認清生命世界的無常生滅等一貫運作情形,總說為「空性」,使得修行得以不偏不倚的操作。 至於禪修的實際操作則以「四念住」為主軸,直接切入到起心動念,透過對於心、身所展現出的身體、感受、心態與法目(法理)等的觀看,使心能夠安住,如此的安住,讓禪修者能夠開展出穿透與超越的觀看,突破生命表象所形成的因緣組合、關聯環圈與變化流程,清楚的觀看到在生命世界表相下運作的心念過程,將生命歷程就翻轉為修行道路,從而如實地了知無常、非我的實相,將生命導向究竟的岀路──涅槃。 而由於念住禪修以心身為對象運作的特性,當代許多研究已證實相關的禪修在緩解心、身苦痛上的有效性,因此也帶動了當代正念禪修的興盛,對人類的生活與生命作出多元的貢獻。但當代以正念為基礎的介入,已發展出對於正念獨特的解釋,其「普世之法」的建構,如此的生活化的操作,是否能如念住教學般,導引生命超脫生老病死的生命困境,還是只能落在生命歷程的表象上,則值得多方的探討。而佛教界也應將其禪修方式,做適合當代的教學轉換,並對其與當代正念應用間的異同做適當的釐清與說明。
The path of life and the orientation of practice which lead the life to surmount the sufferings (dukkha) and attain enlightenment are the concerns and theme of this thesis. The teaching of the Mahā Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta (The Great Discourse on the Establishing/ Foundations of Awareness) is the basis of the discussion of the practice. Human beings experience a span of life which is composed and full of happiness, anger, sorrow, joy, sadness, grief, etc. However, they keep on pursuing places or ways to settle down their bodies and minds as well as life while grasping all the sufferings on hands firmly. Human tend to focus on the presentment of the world which is presented by the body and mind. This makes human beings always driven by their minds, thoughts, sensations and feelings to constantly, continuously and unceasingly chase, grip, aggregate and keep belongings to be the dependence and refugee of life. However, human beings are unwilling to face squarely and unable to become aware of the facts that the human world as well as the mind and body are consistently and persistently ever-changing all the time which, at an end, leads the insatiable drive for a safe, secure and stable life is unsustainable. Thus, the courses and ways out for life would only be the endless move in the circle of birth, aging, illness and death—sufferings. Buddhist teaching thinks highly of such a hardship of life and hence brings up the orientation of practice by understanding and facing up to the sufferings of life, recognizing clearly the arising/causes of the sufferings, knowing the life with the cessation of sufferings, and practicing the path leading to the cessation. The orientation is composed of three courses: bhāvanā (cultivation by mind, normally include samatha-bhāvanā / cultivation of tranquility and vipassanā-bhāvanā /cultivation of insight)as the way of practice, good deed/positive act/discipline, and wisdom. The three courses develop as the thirty-seven dhammas that contribute to awakening (Sattatimsa Bodhi-pakkhiyā dhammā). The foundation is to clearly understand the life and the manifestation of body and mind and thus the world are consistently and persistently arising and passing away—impermanence. This foundation is named Emptiness (suññatā) which guides the practice on the right path. The core subjects of the practice of the bhāvanā are the four foundations/establishments of mind(cattāro satipaṭṭhāna/ the four mindfulness meditation). The teaching is to directly penetrate to the arising of mind and thoughts by observing and contemplating the body, feeling, mind and dhamma. The practitioner can then dwells on the observation and thus develops the ability of penetrating and superlative awareness. The observation and awareness surmount the constitution and relationship of the conditions and the flow of changing formed by the appearance of the body, mind and life. The mental process and continuing operate under the appearance will be revealed and perused. The lay course of life is transformed into path of practice by the four foundations and establishments of mind. The path can lead the practitioner properly and clearly unde |
Table of contents | 謝辭 i 摘要 iii Abstract iv 目次 vi 第一章:緒論 1 第一節 研究主題 1 第二節 研究動機 1 第三節 研究目的 4 第四節 研究觀點 5 第五節 研究方法與範圍 6 第二章:背景觀念、文獻依據及研究回顧 9 第一節 背景觀念 10 第二節 主要文獻依據 13 主要依據經典─《大念處經》 13 文本結構 15 第三節 主要參考經典─《雜阿含經》 17 第四節 研究回顧 19 有關《大念處經》、《念處經》及念住禪修的研究 19 有關當代念住禪修的應用研究 22 第五節 本章結論 26 第三章:生命的困境與修行導向 28 第一節 生命的困境 28 以「個體」、「自我」思惟的人生 30 自我意識的抓取──渴愛與無明 32 不如實知見導致生命歷程的困苦 33 生命歷程的主軸在心念過程 34 離苦得樂的生命出路 36 第二節 佛法禪修的修行導向 36 佛教禪修的根基 38 禪修的發心─看清生命世界的困境─四種真諦 39 善行、禪修與智慧的整全修行導向 40 (一)三十七道品 41 (二)八正道 45 第三節 本章結論 49 第四章:《大念處經》教學的脈絡與隨觀操作原則 50 第一節 《大念處經》教學的脈絡 50 總說與定義 50 就身體隨觀身體 50 就感受隨觀感受 52 就心態隨觀心態 52 就法目、法理隨觀法目、法理 52 隨觀的操作 55 結語─生命的出路 55 第二節 佛法禪修關鍵觀念的解明 56 禪修 56 止禪 57 觀禪 59 禪那 59 等持 60 第三節 《大念處經》教學的基本實踐原則與隨觀操作 62 念、念住 62 隨觀─觀看的方式 64 隨觀的心的品質─熱衷、正知與具念 66 遠離世間的貪欲與憂惱 68 第四節 本章結論 70 第五章:隨觀與念住──一條直接的修行道路 71 第一節 念住的操作模式 71 於內、於外及於內外的隨觀 72 於生、於滅及於生滅的隨觀─集法、滅法、集滅法 77 心態的品質—純然的覺知與持續的具念 80 生命的安頓—無所依賴、無所執取 81 觀看轉向開展與普遍性 82 第二節 念在修行導向中的角色 82 四念處 83 根與力 83 七覺支 84 八正道 85 四正斷、四神足 86 第三節 念與念住的功能 86 平衡與監督 86 保護根門、防禦外境、適合的安全區域 87 善能觀看,以心態活動為主軸 88 調御、安忍以及超然、不涉入 89 第四節 念住的運作機制 90 第五節 念住──一條直通解脫的修行道路 96 第六節 本章結論 99 第六章:由《大念處經》的教學檢視正念的當代應用 100 第一節 當代以正念為基礎的介入的應用 100 正念減壓八週課程 101 四種正式練習 105 非正式練習 106 引導式練習 107 第二節 當代正念應用的基本原則 107 非評價(non-judging) 108 耐心(patience) 109 初心(beginner’s mind) 109 信任(trust) 109 非努力追求(non-striving) 110 接納(acceptance) 110 放下(letting go) 110 其他的態度 111 第三節 佛教念住禪修檢視當代的正念應用 111 第四節 從事對話、交流與釐清 120 第七章:結論與前瞻 124 參考文獻 126 表格:正念減壓八週課程主要練習項目 102
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Hits | 345 |
Created date | 2020.02.12 |
Modified date | 2023.02.03 |
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