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日本星宿圖像 —— 與閻魔圖像之關係初探=The Research of Japanese Constellation Paintings- about the Relation of the Yama Paintings |
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| Author |
蘇佳瑩 (著)=Su, Jia-ying (au.)
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| Source |
玄奘佛學研究=Hsuan Chuang Journal of Buddhism Studies
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| Volume | n.22 |
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| Date | 2014.09 |
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| Pages | 125 - 158 |
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| Publisher | 玄奘大學 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://ird.hcu.edu.tw/front/bin/home.phtml
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| Location | 新竹市, 臺灣 [Hsinchu shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為靜宜大學日本語文學系助理教授。 |
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| Keyword | 星宿神圖像=constellation paintings; 閻魔=Enmaten(Yama); 十王=The ten kings(Juou); 十輪院=Julinin |
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| Abstract | 佛教中的星宿與十王閻魔信仰，各自興起於晚唐，歷經五代、兩宋，在中國發展的初期是兩種完全沒有相關聯的信仰圖像，而佛典中甚少提到兩者的關係，但仍可以依稀看出古時人們祭拜日月星宿與閻魔眷屬，祈願的是消災延命的功效。近五百年間圖像的發展延續不絕，並先後各自影響到日本、朝鮮等周邊國家。
星宿和閻魔信仰傳到日本以後出現各式圖像的發展，結合星曼荼羅的陣式，而閻魔圖像則是分為閻魔天與閻魔王圖像。13世紀，日本的佛教繪畫主題中出現了與星宿相關的地藏十王圖像（十輪院），往後更是出現了將熾盛光佛本尊與星宿神像、閻魔天一同繪製於一個畫面主題的圖像。佛教星宿圖像和十王閻魔圖像都曾經分別出現於敦煌莫高窟，歷經地域性、時代性的圖像變遷，這兩者傳到日本後被融合運用於星宿祈願的信仰中。
本論文欲將重點放在現存的日本佛教星宿圖像與十王閻魔圖像及相關文獻，對茲主題作出梳理，對於星宿與閻魔圖像的發展和 13世紀後半期兩主題所結合的意義，提出更進一步闡釋。
The belief in the Constellation and Yamarajan in Buddhism were separately initiated in the Late Tang Dynasty and then passed down to Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty. In the beginning, there was no significant overlap in belief images in between and there was very limited description about the connection between them in Buddhist sutras and documents. However, there are evidences in the historical documents showing that ancient ancestors worshipped the Sun, the Moon, the Constellations and Yamarajan and his family praying of them to remove ill fortune and extend lives. During the late five hundred years the development of the images of these believes continues and brings significant influence to Japan, Korea and other neighbor countries.
After the Constellation and Yamarajan believes were introduced to Japan, the belief images had been modified. The Constellations were combined with the mandala shape while the Yamarajan images were developed to images of the Yama Institute and images of Enmaten and Enmaou. In 13th century, the images of constellations and related ten kings of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (Jurin-in Tample) appeared in the painting theme of the Japanese Buddhism. Later, even Chi Shen Light Buddha and images of Constellations and Enmaten were painted together in a painting. The Buddhist Constellation and the ten kings of Yama images discretely existed in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and then after the unknown time period and traveling history, both images showed up in Japan and were combined together to appear in the pictures used by the Constellation belief believers. The research focused on the existing Japanese Buddhist constellation and ten kings of Yama images and related literatures and, through carefully sorting and studying, aimed to explain the development of the Constellation and Yamarajan images and the meaning of their combination in the late 13th century.
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| Table of contents | 一、日本的星宿信仰與圖像 129
二、熾盛光佛圖像的代表作 130
三、熾盛光佛與星宿神圖像 136
四、寶積院本中的閻魔天群像 143
五、閻魔圖像的流傳 147
六、星宿神像與閻魔的關係 149
七、結語 154 |
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| ISSN | 18133649 (P) |
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| Hits | 230 |
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| Created date | 2020.03.25 |
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| Modified date | 2020.03.25 |
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