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從平行梵本看支譯《維摩詰經．菩薩品》所謂「『是』後置特殊判斷句」的真實句法語義結構=The True Syntactic and Semantic Structure of the "Special Panduan Sentences with Postpositive Shi" in Zhi Qian's Chinese Translation of the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa in Light of its Sanskrit Parallel |
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朱慶之 (著)=Zhu, Qing-zhi (au.)
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| Source |
佛光學報=Fo Guang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.2 新5卷 |
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| Date | 2019.07 |
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| Pages | 39 - 76 |
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| Publisher | 佛光大學佛教研究中心 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://cbs.fgu.edu.tw/
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| Location | 宜蘭縣, 臺灣 [I-lan hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 1.作者為香港教育大學中國語言講座教授。
2.本文的研究受到香港特別行政區研資局優配研究基金項目(GRF18600915)的全額資助。所用梵文對勘資料，出自本人主持開發的「漢譯佛經梵漢對比分析語料庫」，其中《維摩詰經》的對勘分析主要由上海交通大學的范慕尤博士承擔。
3.初稿「從平行梵本看支譯《維摩經》『某者，某某是』句中的『是』的性質」曾在「第三屆維摩經與東亞文化國際學術研討會」（2016，佛光大學）上交流。 |
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| Keyword | 《維摩詰經》=Vimalakīrtinirdeśa; 平行梵本=Sanskrit parallel of Buddhist Chinese translation; 梵漢對勘=Sanskrit-Chinese comparative collation; 指示代詞「是」=demonstrative pronoun shi; 判斷詞「是」=copula shi; 仿譯=loan translation; 「『是』後置特殊判斷句」=special panduan sentence with postpositive shi |
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| Abstract | 浩如煙海的古代漢譯佛經是研究古代中印文化交流史的基礎性資料。作為翻譯作品，譯經中包含有大量非漢語的異質成分，往往會導致誤讀。要想避免誤讀，應當盡可能利用平行的「原典」進行對勘。《維摩經》是大乘佛教重要經典。支謙譯《維摩詰經．菩薩品》中有一段話，按照傳統的句讀，其中包含了一些所謂的「『是』後置特殊判斷句」。最近十多年，學術界對這種句子的性質和來源有不少討論。本文通過與平行梵文的對讀，發現這些句子都是譯者按照「原典」的句子詞對詞地仿造出來的，其真實句法語義結構要通過源頭語才能看清楚。在此基礎上，有兩點收獲值得報告。一是大多數句子的斷句可能有誤，它們並不是所謂的「『是』後置特殊判斷句」；二是唯一可以視為這種判斷句的，其與平行梵文的關係可能表明，漢譯佛經中的這種判斷句，雖然不一定是全部，至少有一部分，可能是仿譯的產物。
Ancient Chinese translations of Indian Buddhist scriptures provide the basic data for studying the history of Sino-Indian cultural exchange. As translated works, these texts contain many non-Chinese elements, which often led to misunderstandings. To eliminate these misunderstandings, comparative analysis should be undertaken using existing Sanskrit parallel texts. The Vimalakīrtinirdeśa is an important sutra in Mahayana Buddhism. There is a paragraph in Zhi Qian's Chinese translation which, according to the traditional reading, contains "special panduan 判斷 sentences with postpositive shi 是", a kind of ancient Chinese yes-no sentence that has a final shi. Scholars have been discussing the origins and features of this kind of sentence during the past fifteen years. Through a comparative analysis with its parallel Sanskrit original, however, we find that these sentences are the results of loan translation, the basic method of translation used by the foreign translators. Their true syntactic and semantic structures are revealed only through a comparative analysis with the source language. This paper has two findings. First, the traditional reading of some of these sentences is probably not correct. Second, in some cases, this kind of sentence in Buddhist texts may be the result of loan translation. |
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| Table of contents | 一、引言 43
二、緣起 43
三、資料 47
四、支譯「某某者某某是某某故」句的梵漢文本對比 53
（一）道場者無生之心是檢一惡意故 53
[1]bodhimaṇḍa iti kulaputra āśayamaṇḍa eṣo ’kṛtrimatayā 53
（二）[道場者]淳淑之心是習增上故 55
[2] [bodhimaṇḍa iti] prayogamaṇḍa eṣa ārambhottāraṇatayā 55
（三）[道場者]聖賢之心是往殊勝故 56
[3] [bodhimaṇḍa iti] adhyāśayamaṇḍa eṣa viśeṣādhigamatayā 56
（四）[道場者]道意之心是不忘捨故 57
[4] [bodhimaṇḍa iti] bodhicittamaṇḍa eṣo ’saṃpramoṣanatayā 57
（五）[道場者]布施之心是不望報故 57
[5] [bodhimaṇḍa iti] dānamaṇḍa eṣa vipākāpratikāṅkṣaṇatayā, 57
（六）[道場者]持戒之心是得願具故 58
[6] [bodhimaṇḍa iti] śīlamaṇḍa eṣa praṇidhānaparipūraṇatayā 58
（七）[道場者]忍辱之心是不亂眾人故 59
[7] [bodhimaṇḍa iti] kṣāntimaṇḍa eṣa sarvasatvāpratihatacittatayā 59
（八）[道場者]精進之心是無退意故 59
[8] [bodhimaṇḍa iti] vīryamaṇḍa eṣo ’vinivartanatayā 59
（九）[道場者]禪思之心是意行出故 60
[9] [bodhimaṇḍa iti] dhyānamaṇḍa eṣa cittakarmaṇyatayā 60
（十）[道場者]智慧之心是慧眼見故 60
[10] [bodhimaṇḍa iti] prajñāmaṇḍa eṣa pratyakṣadarśitayā 60
五、支譯「某某者某某是某某故」的句法語義結構 61
六、「道場者，何所是」句的來源和句法語義結構 66
七、「道場者，何所是？」句與「『是』後置特殊判斷句」研究之可能關係 69
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| ISSN | 24143006 (P) |
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| Hits | 300 |
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| Created date | 2020.04.20 |
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| Modified date | 2022.06.13 |
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