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稱之以「漢」 － 禪典表人名詞「漢」溯源=The Origins of Using "Han" as an Appellation in Chan Texts |
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周碧香 (著)=Chou, Pi-hsiang (au.)
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| Source |
佛光學報=Fo Guang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.1 新6卷 |
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| Date | 2020.01 |
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| Pages | 1 - 34 |
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| Publisher | 佛光大學佛教研究中心 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://cbs.fgu.edu.tw/
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| Location | 宜蘭縣, 臺灣 [I-lan hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為國立臺中教育大學語文教育學系副教授 |
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| Keyword | 禪典=Chan texts; 表人名詞=appellations; 漢=han; 義素=semantic component; 聲義同源=common phonetic derivatio |
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| Abstract | 大多數學者認同以「漢」稱人，具有濃厚的口語成分，是禪宗語言的特點。對於「漢」何以能稱人，學者大抵從種族名稱引申為表人稱謂；然而，未能解釋水名之「漢」如何成為稱謂名詞、成為禪師口中激切的稱謂？啟人疑竇。
本文梳理晚唐五代禪宗典籍含「漢」的表人詞語，尋找其共同特徵，結合文字學及訓詁學，探尋表人名詞「漢」系統源頭的可能性。
本文認為「漢」聲符的隱性義素［+苦難］、［+人］，在音譯過程被激活、被擇取，使「阿羅漢」成為「arhan」的強勢譯詞。禪師將「阿羅漢」節縮「漢」，添加不同的修飾成分，指稱人物謂的不同狀況，寄喻禪師殷切期盼的用語，跨越宗派成為禪宗的行業用語。
Scholars generally agree that referring to a person as a ＂han＂ 漢 reflects oral usage, a characteristic of Chan language. Regarding the reason why ＂han＂ becomes used as an appellation, scholars have generally regarded it to be a case of using the name of a race to refer to an individual member of the race. However, it has not been possible to explain how this relates to the same term as it refers to the Han River.
This article analyzes passages in Chan texts containing this term from the late Tang and Five Dynasties to find common characteristics, combining linguistics and exegesis to explore possible origins of this usage.
This article suggests that the implicit meanings of the phonetic component the character ＂han＂, [+suffering] and [+human], are activated and employed during the transliteration process, making ＂aluohan＂ 阿羅漢 a powerful translation for arhat. When Chan masters reduce ＂aluohan＂ to ＂han＂, they add descriptive content, suggest different conditions of the persons referred to, and convey their eager expectations. This crosses sectarian lines to become a common phrase in the Chan school. |
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| Table of contents | 一、人如水乎？ 4
二、前賢之說 4
（一）張美蘭（1998）將「漢」納入「禪宗語錄中常見的詞綴」 4
（二）梁曉虹（2001）點出「罵稱」是禪宗語錄「漢」的主要義項 6
（三）項楚（2000）注解寒山詩「有漢姓慠慢」句 7
（四）范春媛（2011）對於「漢」字稱人的解釋 8
（五）鞠彩萍（2012）從語義及語用兩方面分析歸納，認為「××漢」具有特定的禪宗行業意義 9
（六）綜合 11
三、禪宗典籍的～漢 12
（一）稱之以「漢」 12
1.老漢／老大漢 12
2.風漢／風顛漢 13
3.俗漢 13
4.鈍漢 13
5.賊漢 14
6.瞎漢 14
7.醉漢 15
8.駭漢 15
9.朦漢 15
10.癡漢／癡頑漢 15
11.虛頭漢／掠虛漢 16
12.墮根漢 16
13.撑舡漢 17
14.階下漢 17
15.瞌睡漢 17
16.喫飯漢／噇飯漢 18
17.行腳漢 18
18.明眼漢 19
19.靈利漢 19
20.客作漢 19
21.渴死漢／餓死漢 20
22.丈夫漢／大丈夫漢 20
23.嚼涕唾漢 20
24.喫酒糟漢／噇酒糟漢 21
25.打野榸漢 21
26.不著便漢 22
27.擔枷鎖漢／被枷帶鎖漢 22
28.有頭無尾漢 22
29.虛生浪死漢 23
30.脫空妄語漢／脫空謾語漢 23
31.三家村裏漢 23
32.三家村裏納稅漢 24
（二）綜合歸納 24
四、思考與揣度 25
五、結語與待續 31
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| ISSN | 24143006 (P) |
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| Hits | 225 |
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| Created date | 2020.04.20 |
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| Modified date | 2022.06.13 |
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